| 1. |
- Bakker, F. T., et al.
(författare)
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The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
- 2020
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same time, like a synthesis radio telescope, when joined together through emerging digital resources, the global community of museums (the 'Global Museum') is more than the sum of its parts, allowing insights and answers to diverse biological, environmental, and societal questions at the global scale, across eons of time, and spanning vast diversity across the Tree of Life. We argue that, whereas natural history collections and museums began with a focus on describing the diversity and peculiarities of species on Earth, they are now increasingly leveraged in new ways that significantly expand their impact and relevance. These new directions include the possibility to ask new, often interdisciplinary questions in basic and applied science, such as in biomimetic design, and by contributing to solutions to climate change, global health and food security challenges. As institutions, they have long been incubators for cutting-edge research in biology while simultaneously providing core infrastructure for research on present and future societal needs. Here we explore how the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections. We do this by providing examples as food for thought for both the broader academic community and museum scientists on the evolving role of museums. We also identify challenges to the realization of the full potential of natural history collections and the Global Museum to science and society and discuss the critical need to grow these collections. We then focus on mapping and modelling of museum data (including place-based approaches and discovery), and explore the main projects, platforms and databases enabling this growth. Finally, we aim to improve relevant protocols for the long-term storage of specimens and tissues, ensuring proper connection with tomorrow's technologies and hence further increasing the relevance of natural history museums.
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| 2. |
- Abend, M., et al.
(författare)
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Inter-laboratory comparison of gene expression biodosimetry for protracted radiation exposures as part of the RENEB and EURADOS WG10 2019 exercise
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale radiation emergency scenarios involving protracted low dose rate radiation exposure (e.g. a hidden radioactive source in a train) necessitate the development of high throughput methods for providing rapid individual dose estimates. During the RENEB (Running the European Network of Biodosimetry) 2019 exercise, four EDTA-blood samples were exposed to an Iridium-192 source (1.36 TBq, Tech-Ops 880 Sentinal) at varying distances and geometries. This resulted in protracted doses ranging between 0.2 and 2.4 Gy using dose rates of 1.5-40 mGy/min and exposure times of 1 or 2.5 h. Blood samples were exposed in thermo bottles that maintained temperatures between 39 and 27.7 degrees C. After exposure, EDTA-blood samples were transferred into PAXGene tubes to preserve RNA. RNA was isolated in one laboratory and aliquots of four blinded RNA were sent to another five teams for dose estimation based on gene expression changes. Using an X-ray machine, samples for two calibration curves (first: constant dose rate of 8.3 mGy/min and 0.5-8 h varying exposure times; second: varying dose rates of 0.5-8.3 mGy/min and 4 h exposure time) were generated for distribution. Assays were run in each laboratory according to locally established protocols using either a microarray platform (one team) or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR, five teams). The qRT-PCR measurements were highly reproducible with coefficient of variation below 15% in >= 75% of measurements resulting in reported dose estimates ranging between 0 and 0.5 Gy in all samples and in all laboratories. Up to twofold reductions in RNA copy numbers per degree Celsius relative to 37 degrees C were observed. However, when irradiating independent samples equivalent to the blinded samples but increasing the combined exposure and incubation time to 4 h at 37 degrees C, expected gene expression changes corresponding to the absorbed doses were observed. Clearly, time and an optimal temperature of 37 degrees C must be allowed for the biological response to manifest as gene expression changes prior to running the gene expression assay. In conclusion, dose reconstructions based on gene expression measurements are highly reproducible across different techniques, protocols and laboratories. Even a radiation dose of 0.25 Gy protracted over 4 h (1 mGy/min) can be identified. These results demonstrate the importance of the incubation conditions and time span between radiation exposure and measurements of gene expression changes when using this method in a field exercise or real emergency situation.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Preamble
- 2016
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Ingår i: GO : On the Geographies of Gunnar Olsson - On the Geographies of Gunnar Olsson. - 9781409412373 - 9781317126768 ; , s. 3-6
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Abramsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Research and development projects aiming to increase young adults’ knowledge of energy and energy efficiency
- 2015
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Ingår i: eceee Summer Study proceedings. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198048261 - 9789198048278 ; , s. 509-514
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children and young adults are important target groups in order to decrease the climate change effects and increase an energy-efficient end use. With increased knowledge and awareness these target groups could play a constructive role in the current and future transition of the energy system. The correlation between knowledge, awareness and behavioral change is central for improved energy efficiency in the society. Children and young adults and their interest in the natural and technical science are central to ensure the long-term capability needed to transform the energy system.To support this development the Swedish Energy Agency started with young adults as a target group in research and development projects in 2008. Since then approximately 5 million EUR has been allocated for projects aiming to increase knowledge in these areas among young adults by developing practical methods and tools, educational material or in-service training for teachers. Around thirty projects have been supported and three of them, KNUT school development project, KNUT evaluation research project and The Energy Fall, will be discussed in this paper. The KNUT school development project is a national school project aiming at increasing students’ knowledge and interest in energy and energy efficiency. KNUT also stimulates learning and career choices related to energy, climate and resources and therefor strengthen Sweden's capacities and competitiveness future in these areas. To ensure the scientific base a research group from Linköping University (KNUT evaluation research project) has followed the project’s activities. Best practices of methods and tools have been tested and disseminated within the project at both regional and national level. The KNUT evaluation research project has identified and analyzed five success factors regarding energy, climate change and energy efficiency of importance for education: The relationships between the national, regional and local levelThe function of education vary in time due to the development of societyGet to know the education content inside and outside of schoolSuccessful meetings between different actorsThe educational systems capacity to educate all and at the same time recruit some for specializationThis paper will present an overview of the Swedish Energy Agency’s work on research and development projects aiming to increase young adults’ knowledge of energy and energy efficiency and the KNUT evaluation research project results, analysis and success factors.
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| 5. |
- Abu-Youssef, Morsy A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Engagement in Science: The University’s Fourth Mission?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science & Diplomacy. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the authors - three scientists and a diplomat, working across multiple continents - intend to impart some of the broad perspective and deep experience they’ve gained over the years as professionals. The diplomat among us, stationed in the Middle East, has played a role in fostering peace in a region long beset by conflict. Drawing from accumulated lessons, we intend to discuss how others can be encouraged to contribute to global science, regardless of their background or national origin. In taking on this challenge, we will share insights from our various tenures as operators of bilateral aid programs, members of international science organizations, and participants in government negotiations and other events featuring the development of global science.
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| 6. |
- Achtel, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Surprising Insensitivity of Homogeneous Acetylation of Cellulose Dissolved in Triethyl(n-octyl)ammonium Chloride/Molecular Solvent on the Solvent Polarity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Macromolecular materials and engineering. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1438-7492 .- 1439-2054. ; 303:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The homogeneous acetylation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride in triethyl(n-octyl)ammonium chloride (N2228Cl)/molecular solvents (MSs) is investigated. The reaction with both acylating agents shows the expected increase of the degree of substitution (DS) on reaction temperature and time. Under comparable reaction conditions, however, DS is surprisingly little dependent on the MS employed, although the MSs differ in empirical polarity by 7 kcal mol−1 as calculated by use of solvatochromic probes. The empirical polarities of (MCC + N2228Cl + MS) differ only by 0.8 kcal mol−1. The formation a polar electrolyte sheath around cellulose chains presumably contributes to this “leveling-off†of the dependence DS on the polarity of the parent MS employed. N2228Cl recovery and recycling is feasible. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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| 7. |
- Adler, Jeremy
(författare)
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The unitary scale bar : human and machine readable
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Microscopy. - : Wiley. - 0022-2720 .- 1365-2818. ; 230:1, s. 163-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A format is described for a scale bar that encodes the length represented within the structure of the bar itself, thereby removing the need for any supporting text. Although the 'unitary' scale bar has a conventional appearance it is also machine readable and therefore retains information about the scale even when the file format is changed. The format is based on the metre and is suitable for all terrestrial applications.
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| 8. |
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Advanced Bioelectronic Materials
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book covers the recent advances in the development of bioelectronics systems and their potential application in future biomedical applications starting from system design to signal processing for physiological monitoring, to in situ biosensing.Advanced Bioelectronics Materialshas contributions from distinguished international scholars whose backgrounds mirror the multidisciplinary readership ranging from the biomedical sciences, biosensors and engineering communities with diverse backgrounds, interests and proficiency in academia and industry. The readers will benefit from the widespread coverage of the current literature, state-of-the-art overview of all facets of advanced bioelectronics materials ranging from real time monitoring, in situ diagnostics, in vivo imaging, image-guided therapeutics, biosensors, and translational biomedical devices and personalized monitoring.
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| 9. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Ecology and sociotechnical systems research – motivations for theoretical and methodological integration across fields
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Sustainability Transitions conference 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Currently, we are witnessing a number of global trends that do not promise well for the future. Accelerating climate change, loss of biodiversity, chemical pollution, disappearance of natural forest and degradation of fishing grounds and agricultural lands are just a few of the serious environmental problems that threaten the functional and structural integrity of ecosystems, to an extent that also human societies risk collapse. The scale of human impact is now such that scholars suggest that we live in the Anthropocene. The trends are driven by several linked factors, which are not easily disentangled into manageable specific problems to be solved by specific policies. More than ever, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborations are needed in order to address these urgent challenges. The objective of this paper is to argue for the importance of research on socio-technical-ecological systems (STES) rather than social-ecological (SES) and sociotechnical systems (STS) separately. Hence, we address researchers in both the social-ecological and sociotechnical fields. We organize the argument around six reasons why “technology” should be integrated into SES studies. We call these reasons: (1) the interface and mediation aspect, (2) ambivalence, (3) the agency aspect, (4) the question of scale, (5) the question of governance and politics, and (6) the question of epistemology and framing. We also highlight potential conceptual conflicts and mistranslations. Our discussion is primarily a theoretical argument, exemplified with empirical examples.Among the conceptual challenges, we note that SES scholars, if they consider technology in their analyses, generally treat it as an exogenous factor or as a passive background element. Similarly, STS scholars tend to neglect ecological dynamics and refer to the ecological domain mainly in terms of inputs and outputs, e.g. natural resources, environmental and health problems caused by human activities. In light of the discussion, we conclude that the importance of collaborating across the two fields goes beyond each field adding pieces together. We argue that integration and translation across these domains will lead to qualitative change in the theoretical and methodological approaches of both fields; and that technology, society and ecology should be given symmetric analytical attention.
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| 10. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Mismatch Between Scales of Knowledge in Nepalese Forestry: Epistemology, Power, and Policy Implications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 17:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of scale dynamics and scale mismatches for outcomes of natural resource management has been widely discussed. In this article we develop theoretically the concept of ‘knowledge scales’ and illustrate it through empirical examples. We define scales of knowledge as the temporal and spatial extent and character of knowledge held by individuals and collectives, and argue that disparate scales of knowledge are an important ‘scale mismatch,’ which together with scale politics, lead to conflicts in Nepalese forest management. We reveal how there are multiple positions within local knowledge systems and how these positions emerge through people’s use of and relations to the forest, in a dynamic interaction between the natural environment and relations of power such as gender, literacy, and caste. Nepalese forestry is a realm in which power and scales of knowledge are being coproduced in community forestry, at the interface of material and symbolic practices in use of forest resources, and in contestations of social-political relations. Further, we reflect upon the importance of clear and precise use of scale concepts and present a methodological approach using triangulation for divergence, enabling researchers and practitioners involved in natural resource management to reveal scale mismatches and politics.
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| 11. |
- Ahmad, Arslan
(författare)
-
Evaluation and optimization of advanced oxidation coagulation filtration (AOCF) to produce drinking water with less than 1 μg/L of arsenic
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arsenic is an extremely poisonous element. It has been reported to cause contamination of drinking water sources in many parts of the world. The current drinking water permissible limit for arsenic in the European Union is 10 μg/L. The World Health Organization has a general rule that no substance may have a higher lifetime risk of more than 1 in 100,000. However, several studies on toxicity of arsenic suggest that purely based on health effects the arsenic limit of 10 μg/L is not sufficient. The main goal of this research was to develop an efficient arsenic removal technology that could be able to produce drinking water with an arsenic concentration of less than 1 μg/L. For this purpose, an innovative three step technique, Advanced Oxidation - Coagulation - Filtration (AOCF), was investigated through bench-scale and pilot scale experiments in the Netherlands at the water treatment plant of Dorst. Firstly, prior to the investigations on AOCF, the existing arsenic removal at the water treatment plant was investigated. Secondly, through a series of bench-scale experiments, the optimum type of coagulant, its combination dose with the selected chemical oxidant and optimum process pH were determined. Eventually, the partially optimized technique from the bench-scale was implemented at the pilot scale physical model of water treatment plant Dorst where AOCF was evaluated for arsenic removal and its effect on the removal of other common undesirable groundwater constituents. The optimized AOCF technology consistently removed arsenic from groundwater to below 1 ug/L when implemented at pilot scale. The overall effluent quality also remained acceptable. The method is efficient with both types of filtration media tested in this research i.e., virgin sand and metal oxide coated sand, however virgin sand media showed slightly better arsenic removal efficiency.
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| 12. |
- Aid, Graham, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Action Research In Waste Management : Application to construction and demolition waste in the Stockholm region
- 2010
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Ingår i: Linnaeus ECO-TECH ´10. - : Linnaeus University. ; , s. 1009-1019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The action research methodology and several of its methods have previously been highlighted and described by the authors as a fitting and rigorous framework approach for complex waste management systems. This was in response to criticism of the ex ante selection of traditional empiric systems analysis tools to provide decision support and ‘sustainable improvement’ in such complex systems which often involve strong human and political factors. Several of the action research methods described have recently been utilized in a case study around mineral (aggregate) construction and demolition waste in the Stockholm region. These methods were integrated through a series of workshops and work areas undergone together with project members from several private and public sectors. Leaving the problem fuzzy (loosely defined) in the beginning; utilizing convergent interviewing, rich pictures and focus groups allowed the researchers and partner stakeholders to identify not one but several problem areas within the system of focus. Indicator creation and a dialectic processes were then used to identify qualitative and quantitative aspects of salience around these problem areas. These resulting indicators were strengthened through a process of verification. Each indicator was then analyzed by what was deemed to be appropriate and transparent means. It is argued that this approach may create better communication, transparency, and understanding by the stakeholders. These factors in turn allowing stronger stakeholder ownership of the process and assisting in more informed decisions and help to provide stability for desired change. However the process was not without its drawbacks such as intense communication and time requirements.
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| 13. |
- Aili, Hans, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Jacob Theodor Klein's Critique of Peter Artedi's Ichthyologia (1738)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svenska Linnésällskapets årsskrift. - 0375-2038. ; , s. 39-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An anonymous critique of Peter Artedi’s (1705‒1735) Ichthyologia sive opera omnia de piscibus, the latter edited and published posthumously by Carolus Linnaeus (1707‒ 1778) in 1738, is shown to have been written by the Prussian jurist and naturalist Jacob Theodor Klein (1685‒1759), and sent to Hans Sloane (1660−1753) in London for his approval. The critique is transcribed and translated, and its contents assessed in light of Artedi’s contribution to Linnaean systematics. While in some ways highly critical of Artedi, Klein must have been well aware that by criticizing Artedi he was, by association, criticizing Linnaeus as well. Linnaeus’s editorial contributions to the Ichthyologia as well as his on-going antagonistic relationship with Klein are also discussed.
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| 14. |
- Ainegren, Mats, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Aerodynamic Drag and Drafting on Propulsive Force and Oxygen Consumption in Double Poling Cross-Country Skiing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 54:7, s. 1058-1065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerodynamic drag and drafting on propulsive force (FPROP), drag area (CDA), oxygen cost (V˙O2), metabolic rate (Ė), and heart rate (HR) during roller skiing on a treadmill in a wind tunnel using the double poling technique. A secondary aim was to investigate the effects of wind versus no-wind test conditions on the same physiological parameters. Methods Ten subjects of each gender participated in the experiments. One pair of skiers of the same gender roller skied simultaneously in line with the air flow; the distance between the skiers was 2.05 m. Each pair was tested as follows: I) with wind, leading; II) with wind, drafting; and III) without wind. The treadmill inclination was 0° throughout the tests. For the wind conditions, the air velocity was similar to the treadmill belt speed: 3 to 7 m·s-1 for men and 3 to 6 m·s-1 for women. Results Drafting resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower FPROP,CDA, V˙O2, and Ė, compared with leading, for both genders at racing speed but not at lower speeds, whereas HR was only affected for the male skiers at racing speed. The test without wind resulted in significantly lower FPROP, V˙O2, and Ė at all tested speeds compared with the tests with wind present, whereas HR was lower only at higher speeds. Conclusions At racing speed, but not at lower speeds, the positive effects of drafting behind a skier during double poling were obvious and resulted in a lower FPROP, CDA, V˙O2, Ė, and HR. Tests without wind present put even lower demands on the skiers' physiology, which was also evident at lower speeds.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Alfelt, Gustav, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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On the mean and variance of the estimated tangency portfolio weights for small samples
- 2022
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Ingår i: Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications. - Vilnius : VTeX. - 2351-6054 .- 2351-6046. ; 9:4, s. 453-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a sample estimator of the tangency portfolio (TP) weights is con-sidered. The focus is on the situation where the number of observations is smaller than the number of assets in the portfolio and the returns are i.i.d. normally distributed. Under these as-sumptions, the sample covariance matrix follows a singular Wishart distribution and, therefore, the regular inverse cannot be taken. In the paper, bounds and approximations for the first two moments of the estimated TP weights are derived, as well as exact results are obtained when the population covariance matrix is equal to the identity matrix, employing the Moore-Penrose inverse. Moreover, exact moments based on the reflexive generalized inverse are provided. The properties of the bounds are investigated in a simulation study, where they are compared to the sample moments. The difference between the moments based on the reflexive generalized inverse and the sample moments based on the Moore-Penrose inverse is also studied.
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| 17. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951
(författare)
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Biologisk mångfald - en förutsättning för vår matförsörjning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biologisk mångfald, naturnyttor och ekosystemtjänster. Svenska perspektiv på livsviktiga framtidsfrågor. - Stockholm & Uppsala : Naturvårdsverket & Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1403-6568. - 9789188083364 ; , s. 222-233
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I detta kapitel ges först en kort inblick i hur den vilda biologiska mångfalden blev grunden för jordbruket och utvecklats som en del av människors matlandskap inom olika lokala ekosystem. I takt med att tillgång till nya energikällor har matproduktionen och matsystemen ändrats vilket bidragit till den allvarliga, lokala och globala miljösituationen vi befinner oss i. Möjligheter till och ramverk för en hållbar matproduktion och hållbara matsystem baserade på agroekologiska system skisseras.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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The sustainability paradox and the conflicts on the use of natural resources
- 2019
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Ingår i: Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development. Gunilla Almered Olsson, Pernille Gooch (red.). - London : Routledge. - 9781138576896 ; , s. 1-7, s. 1-7
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter elaborates on the sustainability and sustainable development concepts in relation to the ongoing conflicts on the use of natural resources. The deterioration of natural and biological resources and the climate challenge are related to the current paradigm of economic growth and The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by UN member states in 2015. Conflicts can be seen as opportunities for change as they open up a range of new options and demand innovations for transitions to sustainable alternatives. The ongoing environmental conflict on climate change, a conflict of lifestyle and overconsumption by the few, a conflict on where the different dimensions of equity, in space and over time, intergenerational equity, are at the conflict centre, could be our great opportunity to enter the transition towards a sustainable future. The span of this book is global with case studies from both Global North and South. The themes elaborated and discussed are exemplified in the case studies and have the ambition to represent the major environmental conflicts – although far from exhaustive. The overriding theme of this book, ‘Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development’, can be sub-divided into three themes: Theme one – human-environment relationship; Theme two – justice and equity dimensions; Theme three – conflict resolution/transformation and pathways towards sustainability
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| 21. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951
(författare)
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The transformative potential of the food system concept: Sustainability conflicts or sustainability transitions?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development. E.G.A. Olsson; P. Gooch (red.). - London : Routledge. - 9781138576896 ; , s. 199-216
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dependence on the global food system both in the Global North and Global South, has a profound impact on people’s dietary pattern and health – and creates immediate vulnerability and unpredictability related to food security. With growing insight into the consequences of the global food system for the environment, many cities in the Global North have implemented local/regional food strategies, food charters and other food system-related policies in an attempt to improve urban food security and encourage sustainable food system activities. Such activities include, for example, climate and ecosystem-friendly production methods, minimising the transportation of commodities in favour of food production located closer to consumers, and food systems driven by local participation and community actions. There seems to be connection between several of the proposed food system activities and Transition Movement actions (IPBES, 2018). Could the development of a sustainable food system catalyse transitions towards sustainability? In order to explore this question, the aim of this chapter is to analyse the link between sustainable food systems and pathways towards sustainability transitions. The chapter elaborates on how the sustainable food system relates to the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and identifies eight aspects for such systems. Those dimensions/aspects agree well with the activities characteristic of the Transition Movements pathway towards a sustainable future.
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| 22. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Virkesberedning - Rekonstruktionen av Södra Råda medeltidskyrka
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hantverkslaboratoriets filmkanal på Youtube.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Timmermannen Olof Andersson bereder en stock med yxa. Filmen är inspelad 13-14 maj, 2014, i Södra Råda, Värmland (alldeles intill gränsen mot Västergötland). Ljud, kamera och redigering: Gunnar Almevik och Christina Persson. En film från Hantverkslaboratoriet 2015.
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| 23. |
- Alvarez-Crespo, Mayte, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The Amygdala as a Neurobiological Target for Ghrelin in Rats: Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we sought to demonstrate that the orexigenic circulating hormone, ghrelin, is able to exert neurobiological effects (including those linked to feeding control) at the level of the amygdala, involving neuroanatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural studies. We found that ghrelin receptors (GHS-R) are densely expressed in several subnuclei of the amygdala, notably in ventrolateral (LaVL) and ventromedial (LaVM) parts of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. Using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to record from cells in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus, we found that ghrelin reduced the frequency of mEPSCs recorded from large pyramidal-like neurons, an effect that could be blocked by co-application of a ghrelin receptor antagonist. In ad libitum fed rats, intra-amygdala administration of ghrelin produced a large orexigenic response that lasted throughout the 4 hr of testing. Conversely, in hungry, fasted rats ghrelin receptor blockade in the amygdala significantly reduced food intake. Finally, we investigated a possible interaction between ghrelin's effects on feeding control and emotional reactivity exerted at the level of the amygdala. In rats allowed to feed during a 1-hour period between ghrelin injection and anxiety testing (elevated plus maze and open field), intra-amygdala ghrelin had no effect on anxiety-like behavior. By contrast, if the rats were not given access to food during this 1-hour period, a decrease in anxiety-like behavior was observed in both tests. Collectively, these data indicate that the amygdala is a valid target brain area for ghrelin where its neurobiological effects are important for food intake and for the suppression of emotional (anxiety-like) behaviors if food is not available.
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| 24. |
- Amon, Diva J, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the abundance and diversity of abyssal megafauna in a polymetallic-nodule region in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6:30492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in mining polymetallic nodules in the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the Pacific. Nonetheless, benthic communities in this region remain poorly known. The ABYSSLINE Project is conducting benthic biological baseline surveys for the UK Seabed Resources Ltd. exploration contract area (UK-1) in the CCZ. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, we surveyed megafauna at four sites within a 900 km2 stratum in the UK-1 contract area, and at a site ~250 km east of the UK-1 area, allowing us to make the first estimates of abundance and diversity. We distinguished 170 morphotypes within the UK-1 contract area but species-richness estimators suggest this could be as high as 229. Megafaunal abundance averaged 1.48 ind. m−2. Seven of 12 collected metazoan species were new to science, and four belonged to new genera. Approximately half of the morphotypes occurred only on polymetallic nodules. There were weak, but statistically significant, positive correlations between megafaunal and nodule abundance. Eastern-CCZ megafaunal diversity is high relative to two abyssal datasets from other regions, however comparisons with CCZ and DISCOL datasets are problematic given the lack of standardised methods and taxonomy. We postulate that CCZ megafaunal diversity is driven in part by habitat heterogeneity.
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| 25. |
- Andersen, Martin, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic analysis of solar options for a block-heating system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - 0038-092X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An innovative small solar district heating system with one central heating plant and four solar substations has been built in Vallda Heberg, Sweden, to supply a new housing area with passive houses. The target solar fraction was 40% and the total system design, including heat distribution in the buildings, was based on previous experience and aimed to be simple and cost-effective. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the system can be designed in a more effective manner by change of distribution system and load density. TRNSYS models were calibrated against measured data and then used to predict the energy performance. Results indicate that lower distribution heat losses can be obtained by change to a novel distribution concept with lower operating temperatures, while potentially reducing cost. Increases in heat density cause reduced distribution losses and boiler supplied heat demand, with only minor effects on solar system yield.
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