| 11. |
- Hysing, Erik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Compromising sustainable mobility? The case of the Gothenburg congestion tax
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 58:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congestion charging is widely considered an effective policy measure to regulate and reduce car traffic demand and associated environmental and health problems in cities. However, introducing restrictive measures to constrain individual choice and behaviour for the common good has often proven difficult. Using a specific case, the Gothenburg congestion tax introduced in 2013, we study the policy process behind the introduction of the tax and assess to what extent green values were compromised along the way. The tax was made possible by co-financing infrastructure investments, including roads, which seemingly contradicts stated goals of reducing car traffic and emissions. We show how the tax was ‘muddled through’ in a top-down political compromise by a grand coalition where different interests could legitimate their support in relation to the achievement of partially conflicting objectives and projects. However, to declare the regulatory goals fully neutralised would be to underestimate the scheme’s direct environmental effects and restrictive potential. Finding a compromise with powerful political and economic interests was necessary to get it off the ground. Once launched, however, it can over time regain its restrictive properties and lead to more profound long-term effects.
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| 12. |
- Jönsson, Erik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Spectacular, realisable and ‘everyday’ : Exploring the particularities of sustainable planning in Malmö
- 2017
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Ingår i: City. - : Routledge. - 1360-4813 .- 1470-3629. ; 21:3-4, s. 253-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Sustainability’, often presented through an ecological–economic–social triad, is today one of spatial planning’s absolute key concepts (and key priorities). But it is also a highly contested concept, whose meaning is often considered evasive or vague. In this paper, we try to counterweigh such evasiveness by putting emphasis on the material landscape produced within a project that is frequently depicted as a pinnacle of sustainable planning: the Western Harbour in Malmö, Sweden. Regardless of how vague discursive definitions of sustainability are, we argue that there is a sense in which planning projects such as this one help stabilise the meaning of the concept. They become material manifestations of particular takes on sustainability. Through examining what has emerged as former shipyards and factory grounds have since 2001 been transformed within the Western Harbour, we develop a heuristic triad that highlights what is presented as sustainability therein. We argue that through the Western Harbour’s development, sustainable planning becomes ‘spectacular’ through a focus on building sustainably in a way that also attracts public attention. It becomes regarded as ‘realisable’ in that it should be achievable within current political and political–economic structures. And sustainable planning becomes about the ‘everyday’ in that technological solutions for greening inhabitants’ everyday lives are developed in a way that emphasises the local scale.
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| 13. |
- Thulemark, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism Employment and Creative In-migrants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 14:4, s. 403-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the importance of tourism employment for in-migration to Malung/Sälen and Älvdalen, two rural municipalities hosting two major tourist destinations in the southern Swedish mountains. It uses micro-data from a database that includes, among many other variables, residence and employment information. This work is explorative and uses longitudinal data that permit examining individuals and go beyond simple net employment figures to show that many in-migrants to these municipalities are employed in tourism and constitute part of what is defined as the “creative workforce” in the local labour market. In this sense, tourism employment is found to be a pull factor for in-migration of highly skilled and well-paid people.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Ida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Clamour for glamour? City Competition for hosting the Swedish tryouts to the Eurovision Song Contest
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. - Utrecht : University of Utrecht. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. ; 101:2, s. 111-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For some time it has been argued that cities all over the world have become more entrepreneurial and increasingly competitive. Most research has focused on spectacular events in well-known metropolises, but far less is known about how smaller cities engage in competitive activities. This paper focuses on how, why and what Swedish cities hope to achieve by engaging themselves in hosting the tryouts to the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC), which provides an opportunity for a critical case study of place marketing and city competition in Sweden. The empirical material is based on interviews with stakeholders in the tryouts. Our findings show that the local authorities do not compete in the same way as suggested by the literature, but instead collaborate to a great deal. While there are various motives behind arranging a tryouts tryout, it is noted that whereas the ESC presents an opportunity for a host city to 'place itself on the map', hosting a tryout is often mainly seen as an opportunity to show the organisers of the event the city's potential for hosting other events in the future. Our findings suggest that the main outcome of hosting a tryout, an outcome that the local authorities seem content with, is having arranged a glamorous party for the local inhabitants. The paper concludes by discussing why competition was found to be less outspoken than the literature suggests.
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| 15. |
- Malmi, Teemu, et al.
(författare)
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Culture and management control interdependence : An analysis of control choices that complement the delegation of authority in Western cultural regions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Accounting, Organizations and Society. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0361-3682 .- 1873-6289.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the influence of cultural regions on the interdependence between delegation of authority and other management control (MC) practices. In particular, we assess whether one of the central contentions of agency theory, that incentive contracting and delegation are jointly determined, holds in different cultural regions. Drawing on prior literature, we hypothesise that the MC practices that operate as a complement to delegation vary depending on societal values and preferences, and that MC practices other than incentive contracting will complement delegation in firms in non-Anglo cultural regions. Using data collected from 584 strategic business units across three Western cultural regions (Anglo, Germanic, Nordic), our results show that the interdependence between delegation and incentive contracting is confined to Anglo firms. In the Nordic and Germanic regions, we find that strategic and action planning participation operate as a complement to delegation, while delegation is also complemented by manager selection in Nordic firms. Overall, our study demonstrates that cultural values and preferences significantly influence MC interdependence, and suggests that caution needs to be taken in making cross-cultural generalisations about the complementarity of MC practices.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Ida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Om regional samverkan för hållbara persontransporter
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ett nytt kontrakt för samhällsbyggandet. - Boxholm : Linnefors förlag. - 9789188651082 ; , s. 157-180
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sambandet mellan persontransporter och de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser är väldokumenterat (IEA, 2014; Sims et al, 2014). I Sverige bidrar transportsektorn, och här framförallt personbilstrafik, till en tredjedel av den totala mängden utsläpp av växthusgaser (Naturvårdsverket, 2017). På samma gång anses transportsektorn, och här särskilt kollektivtrafiken, ha stor potential att bidra till att minska den totala mängden utsläpp av växthusgaser (Banister, 2011b; Hultén et al, 2018; Paulsson et al, 2017; Paulsson, 2018). Detta har motiverat att internationella och nationella politiskt uppsatta mål riktar sig mot att begränsa transportsektorns klimateffekter. På den globala nivån är Parisavtalets målsättning om minskade utsläpp för att begränsa klimatförändringens effekter av stor vikt. Genom de så kallade stadmiljöavtalen, som är ett nationellt program i Sverige sedan 2015, kan kommuner och regioner söka medel för att införa åtgärder som ska leda till "energieffektiva lösningar med låga utsläpp av växthusgaser" (Statens författningssamling, 2015). Här är åtgärder för kollektivtrafik ett betonat område. I det här kapitlet är utmaningen om miljömässigt hållbar utveckling för och genom kollektivtrafik den centrala utgångspunkten, samtidigt som detta behöver diskuteras som en del av hållbar utveckling i ett bredare perspektiv. En integrerad syn på hållbar utveckling är en av grundstenarna för de Globala målen antagna av FNs medlemsländer 2015. Mål om hållbara transporter omfattas av de Globala målen, som exempelvis mål 11 i Agenda 2030 vilket handlar om hållbara städer och samhällen (Globala målen och Agenda 2030). Här betonas att kollektivtrafiken är ett viktigt medel för att uppnå social hållbarhet och att utveckla ett "transportsystem för alla" (delmål 11.2). Det övergripande ansvaret för att planera för kollektivtrafik i Sverige ligger på de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna (RKM). Dessa är dock beroende av att samverka med en rad olika aktörer för att kollektivtrafikplaneringen ska kunna utföras, vilket omfattar kommuner, trafikföretag, resenärsgrupper, handelsföreningar (Paulsson et al, 2018), branschorganisationer, olika myndigheter och angränsande regioner. Den statliga regleringen för regional kollektivtrafikplanering tilldelar RKM en roll som kan liknas vid "processledare" för kollektivtrafiken och som omfattar att organisera för samverkan. Flertalet RKM har som mål att öka kollektivtrafikens andel av de persontransporter som sker. Detta är en utmanande uppgift utifrån den kraftiga tillväxten av den totala mängden personresor. Sett till utvecklingen sedan 1950 har denna ökning i mycket hög grad skett genom ökning av resor på väg varav personbilsresor dominerar. Från 1990-talet kan man dock se en viss andelsökning av personresor med järnväg (Andersson & Eriksson 2017). Ökad pendling till arbetet eller för utbildning är en viktig faktor som driver ökningen av personresor. Det sker över allt längre avstånd (Lindkvist Scholten, 2019) och ofta över kommungränser och regiongränser, något som ställer krav på samordning mellan kommuner och regioner. Detta är bakgrunden till att vi i det här kapitlet riktar ett intresse mot hur samverkan sker mellan dessa olika geografiska nivåer.
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| 17. |
- Geissinger, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Digital entrepreneurship and field conditions for institutional change - Investigating the enabling role of cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 146, s. 877-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital entrepreneurship may result in institutional turbulence and new initiatives are frequently blocked by vested interest groups who posit superior financial and relational resources. In this paper, we explore the role of cities in facilitating digital entrepreneurship and overcoming institutional resistance to innovation. Drawing upon two historical case studies of digital entrepreneurship in the city of Stockholm along with an extensive material on the sharing economy in Sweden, our results suggest that cities offer an environment that is critical for digital entrepreneurship. The economic and technological diversity of a city may provide the field conditions required for institutional change to take place and to avoid regulatory capture.
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| 18. |
- Geissinger, Andrea, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking the institutional logics of the sharing economy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of the Sharing Economy. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781788110549 - 9781788110532 ; , s. 177-192
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter explores field-level logics associated with the sharing economy and how these logics can be categorized in relation to different characteristic features of that economy. It thereby links together core principles of the sharing economy-the access, platform and community-based economy-with market and non-market orders so as to create a better understanding for those tensions being part of the sharing economy and how they can be overcome. Empirically, the chapter analyzes 7362 social media posts and defines field-level logics through juxtaposing the core principles with market/non-market orders. Six field-level logics are identified: abundance, scarcity, profit, sustainability, global and local logics. The sorting tool of these field-level logics and their associated institutional orders provides clarity in relation to the blurred concepts of accessing, sharing and transferring; the variety of motives of users/consumers; and the reasons for parties to provide their services within the sharing economy. The chapter also contributes to previous research through linking together field-level logics with orders to create understandings for logics on phenomena levels and specifically related to the sharing economy.
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| 19. |
- Hermelin, Brita, et al.
(författare)
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How green growth is adopted by local policy – a comparative study of ten second-rank cities in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scottish Geographical Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1470-2541 .- 1751-665X. ; 134:3-4, s. 184-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1992 Rio Earth Summit represented a crucial point in time at which the key role of the local level for sustainable development was importantly endorsed. However, since this UN summit, ideals about how to design local sustainable development have changed significantly. This paper investigates how local policy in ten second-rank cities in Sweden has adopted decoupling arguments and endorsed green growth concepts established through international governance communities. Using content analysis of politically ratified steering documents in these cities, the main findings suggest that local strategising related to the policy goals of green growth is mainly related to energy efficiency. Derived from the decoupling argument, one factor behind shallow integration of green growth into municipal policy is that green growth could be considered a political and contested concept. The fact that there has been limited implementation of this framework across the investigated municipalities prompts reflections on how the results could be explained by institutional ‘match’ or ‘mismatch’ between local institutional environments for policy interventions and the green growth concepts promoted by international communities. The adoption of green growth concepts requires local authorities to broaden their commitment for interventions in interactions with industry and business.
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| 20. |
- Pugh, Rhiannon, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The entrepreneurial university and the region : what role for entrepreneurship departments?
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Routledge. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 26:9, s. 1835-1855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the concept of the entrepreneurial university by examining roles of academic entrepreneurship departments in driving regional economic development outcomes. While a wealth of research investigates the role, activities and function of the entrepreneurial university, very little which focuses specifically on academic entrepreneurship departments, where much of the research, teaching and knowledge exchange concerning entrepreneurship takes place. Two case studies of large and active entrepreneurship departments are presented to illustrate the different roles and activities they undertake in the sphere of economic development in their regions or locales. A dual model of engagement is proposed, whereby the entrepreneurship department operates within the framework of the entrepreneurial university, but also as a regional actor in its own right.
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