| 81. |
- Göranson, Lizel, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-Making Within Forensic Psychiatric Investigations: The Use of Various Information Sources by Different Expert Groups to Reach Conclusions on Legal Insanity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Which type of information experts use to make decisions regarding legal insanity within forensic psychiatric investigations (FPI) is relatively unknown, both in general and when considering variations due to case context. It is important to explore this area to be able to counteract the effects of various kinds of cognitive bias. Method: The aim was to explore whether FPI expert groups differed regarding case-specific as well as general use of information types required to make decisions on severe mental disorder (SMD). Three FPI case vignettes were presented to three professional groups involved in FPIs in Sweden (n = 41): forensic psychiatrists (n = 15), psychologists (n = 15), and social workers (n = 11). The participants reported which types of information they required to reach conclusions regarding SMD in each case. They also reported which types of information they had used within general FPI praxis during the previous year and the information types’ perceived usefulness. Results: The expert groups differed somewhat regarding what type of information they required for the cases (e.g., results from cognitive testing), but some information was required in all cases (e.g., client’s self-report). Regarding the preliminary assessment of SMD in the three cases, minor differences were found. Within the general FPI praxis, experts reported using several information types, while the general perceived usefulness of these sources varied. Discussion: The professional groups relied partly on a “core” of information sources, but some case-specific adaptations were found. The professional groups’ inclination to suspect SMD also varied somewhat. This indicates a need to explore the potential consequences of these similarities and differences.
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| 82. |
- Haberska, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Activity of lactoperoxidase when adsorbed on protein layers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 76:5, s. 1159-1164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is an enzyme, which is used as an antimicrobial agent in a number of applications, e.g., food technology. In the majority of applications LPO is added to a homogeneous product phase or immobilised on product surface. In the latter case, however, the measurements of LPO activity are seldom reported. In this paper we have assessed LPO enzymatic activity on bare and protein modified gold surfaces by means of electrochemistry. It was found that LPO rapidly adsorbs to bare gold surfaces resulting in an amount of LPO adsorbed of 2.9 mg/m2. A lower amount of adsorbed LPO is obtained if the gold surface is exposed to bovine serum albumin, bovine or human mucin prior to LPO adsorption. The enzymatic activity of the adsorbed enzyme is in general preserved at the experimental conditions and varies only moderately when comparing bare gold and gold surface pretreated with the selected proteins. The measurement of LPO specific activity, however, indicate that it is about 1.5 times higher if LPO is adsorbed on gold surfaces containing a small amount of preadsorbed mucin in comparison to the LPO directly adsorbed on bare gold.
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
- Hadimeri, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A fixed protocol for outpatient clinic routines in the care of patients with severe renal failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Renal failure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0886-022X .- 1525-6049. ; 35:6, s. 845-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The primary aim of this study was to assess whether a fixed protocol, using a specially trained team, for intermediate follow-up to fulfillment of guideline targets is non-inferior to conventional follow-up in the care of uraemic patients. A secondary aim was to investigate possible impact on patient outcome.Methods: The cohort comprised 424 patients from seven centers. Inclusion criteria were either serum creatinine exceeding 200 mu mol/l or calculated clearance below 30 ml/min, representing CKD 4 or 5a. Six centers followed a standardized protocol (group 1). One center provided controls (group 2). The study design was prospective and interventional. The variables measured were blood hemoglobin, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, renal function variables, blood pressure and RAAS blockade. The number of patients achieving the set goals was analyzed as a time trend to determine if the intervention resulted in an improvement.Results: At baseline, group 1 had significantly lower GFR and higher serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product and bicarbonate, lower mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressures and less use of RAAS. During the intervention, group 1 improved in the direction of guidelines for blood hemoglobin, albumin, bicarbonate and MAP. Outcome of secondary endpoints gave a risk of death of 30% in both groups, while the risk of renal replacement therapy was higher in group 1.Conclusions: However, the time to renal replacement therapy was significantly shorter in the intervention group, indicating that other variables than guideline achievements are important for the patient.
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| 85. |
- Hagbom, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Ionizing air affects influenza virus infectivity and prevents airborne-transmission
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group: Open Access Journals - Option C / Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 5:11431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By the use of a modified ionizer device we describe effective prevention of airborne transmitted influenza A (strain Panama 99) virus infection between animals and inactivation of virus (greater than 97%). Active ionizer prevented 100% (4/4) of guinea pigs from infection. Moreover, the device effectively captured airborne transmitted calicivirus, rotavirus and influenza virus, with recovery rates up to 21% after 40 min in a 19 m(3) room. The ionizer generates negative ions, rendering airborne particles/aerosol droplets negatively charged and electrostatically attracts them to a positively charged collector plate. Trapped viruses are then identified by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. The device enables unique possibilities for rapid and simple removal of virus from air and offers possibilities to simultaneously identify and prevent airborne transmission of viruses.
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| 86. |
- Hartung, Kerstin, 1989-
(författare)
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Paths to improving atmospheric models across scales : The importance of the unresolved scales
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Correct representation of physical processes, the parametrizations, and their interaction with the resolved circulation is crucial for the performance of numerical models. Here, focus is put on understanding model biases and developing tools to alleviate existing biases. Atmospheric blocking can divert the typical atmospheric flow for several days up to weeks and thereby impacts the mean climate of the region experiencing blocking. Models typically underestimate the frequency of atmospheric blocking. Based on results from the global climate model EC-Earth, it is found that the atmospheric model resolution is not strongly influencing the representation of atmospheric blocking once the grid reaches about 80 km grid length in the horizontal. Updating several physical parametrizations, and thereby the model version, is the largest contributor to advancements in simulating atmospheric blocking. The importance of the topography for the large-scale atmospheric flow is further investigated with the reanalysis ERA-Interim by applying a simplified theoretical analysis. It is found that the idealized topographic forcing theory can explain some part of the observed large-scale properties of the flow, though the method does mainly produce relative results. The explained part of the large-scale structure is increased during periods of northwesterly flow and when the flow impinges the mountain ridge almost orthogonally.Small-scale processes acting in air masses transported from midlatitudes to the Arctic are also discussed. Numerical models often struggle with representing the stable conditions in the Arctic and tend to underestimate the downward longwave impact during cloudy conditions. A comparison of single-column models (SCMs) indicates that most models can capture the bimodal longwave distribution which develops from alternating cloudy and clear-sky conditions. SCMs are often used for model development as they allow to decouple the parametrized physical processes from the large-scale environment and enable many parameter sensitivity tests. A new tool is presented which can be used for the development of physical parametrizations in marine and polar conditions. It combines one-dimensional models of the atmosphere and ocean, including sea-ice, into a coupled atmosphere-ocean SCM (AOSCM). The presented setup constitutes an advantage compared to SCMs of one component because the coupling is directly modelled and the interaction between the respective boundary layers does not dependent on prescribed boundary conditions.
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| 87. |
- Hedberg, Maria E., et al.
(författare)
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Prevotella jejuni sp. nov., isolated from the small intestine of a child with celiac disease.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5034 .- 1466-5026. ; 63:11, s. 4218-4223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative, saccharolytic and proteolytic, non-spore-forming bacilli (CD3:27, CD3:28T, CD3:33, CD3:32 and CD3:34) are described. All five strains were isolated from the small intestine of a female child with celiac disease. The cells of the five strains were observed to be short rods or coccoid cells with longer filamentous forms seen sporadically. The organisms produced acetic acid and succinic acid as major metabolic end products. Phylogenetic analysis, based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed close relationships between CD3:27, CD3:28T and CD3:33 on one hand, between CD3:32 and P. histicola CCUG 55407T and between CD3:34 and P. melaninogenica CCUG 4944BT on the other. The strains CD3:27, CD3:28T and CD3:33 were clearly different from any other species within the genus Prevotella and most closely related to but distinct from P. melaninogenica. Based on 16S rRNA gene, RNA polymerase β-subunit gene and 60-kDa chaperonin protein subunit gene sequencing, phenotypic, chemical and biochemical properties strains CD3:27, CD3:28T and CD3:33 have been determined to represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella, named Prevotella jejuni sp. nov. Strain CD3:28T (CCUG 60371T = DSM 26989T) is the type strain of the proposed new species. All five strains were able to form homologous aggregates, in which tube-like structures were connecting individual bacteria cells. The five strains were able to bind to human intestinal carcinoma cell lines at 37 °C.
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
- Hemmingsson, Jens, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Autoradiography and biopsy measurements of a resected hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 90 yttrium radioembolization demonstrate large absorbed dose heterogeneities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-1094. ; 3:3, s. 439-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The Authors Purpose: Radioembolization is an alternative palliative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we examine the uptake differences between tumor tissue phenotypes and present a cross-section of the absorbed dose throughout a liver tissue specimen. Methods and materials: A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with90Y radioembolization followed by liver tissue resection. Gamma camera images and autoradiographs were collected and biopsy tissue samples were analyzed using a gamma well counter and light microscopy. Results: An analysis of 25 punched biopsy tissue samples identified 4 tissue regions: Normal tissue, viable tumor tissue with and without infarcted areas, and tumor areas with postnecrotic scar tissue. Autoradiography and biopsy tissue sample measurements showed large dose differences between viable and postnecrotic tumor tissue (159 Gy vs 23 Gy). Conclusions: Radioembolization of 90 yttrium with resin microspheres produces heterogeneous-absorbed dose distributions in the treatment of unifocal hepatic malignancies that could not be accurately determined with current gamma camera imaging techniques.
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| 90. |
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