| 1. |
- Lindquist, Göran, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Organisk psykiatri. Teoretiska och kliniska aspekter : Organic Psychiatry. Theoretical and clinical aspects.
- 1990
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this book a theory about the nature of organic mental disorders (in the narrow sense) and a new diagnostic system for them are presented. The diagnostic concepts used are mainly rooted in the classical Central European psychiatric tradition but have been modified in the light of recently published research and the authors' own clinical experience from different parts of organic psychiatry.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Asperger's syndrome or schizophrenia
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 49:2, s. 145-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Engström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between prophylactic effect of lithium therapy and family history of affective disorders
- 1997
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 42:6, s. 425-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium therapy response and age of onset (AOO) were studied in 98 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) who were divided into subgroups depending on type of family history of affective disorders. The highest (33.0 years) and lowest (25.5 years) age of onset were found in nonfamilial patients and in familial patients with a first-degree relative of BPAD, respectively. Nonfamilial patients showed the best response to lithium. There were 0.9 episodes/year off lithium compared to 0.3 episodes/year on lithium (an 88% decrease). A poorer response (a 71% decrease; a reduction from 1.39 episodes per year off lithium to 0.65 on lithium) was found in familial patients with a first-degree relative of BPAD. Differences in serum lithium values between the groups could not explain the observed differences. Thus, familial patients showed a more severe manifestation of the disease with an earlier AOO and a lower prophylactic effect of lithium.
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| 5. |
- Stålenheim, E. Gunilla
(författare)
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Psychopathy and biological markers in a forensic psychiatric population
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this investigation was to determine the frequency of psychopathy and examine the co-morbidity pattern in a forensic psychiatric population in Sweden. In addition, possible biological markers were evaluated. The research subjects were 61 non-psychotic men, admitted for forensic psychiatric investigations in Uppsala during 1992 - 1994.Psychopathy, as assessed with the Psychopathy-Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), was common, and 25 % of the subjects had a high degree of psychopathy. Strong co-morbidity was found between psychopathy and Axis I and Axis II DSM-III-R disorders, particularly abuse/dependence disorders and borderline personality disorders. Psychopathy- and aggression-related personality traits, as measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), were significantly correlated with Hare's psychopathy traits. The KSP personality traits were stable over time and between situations, as shown by follow-up after two years.Low platelet MAO activity was found in subjects with disorders characterized by a high degree of psychopathy, defined by means of the KSP. However, there was no relationship with criminal behavior.Although clinically euthyroid, the research subjects had elevated serum levels of triiodothyronine compared to those in healthy men. Higher levels of triiodothyronine were found in subjects with conditions characterized by abuse and asocial and violent behavior.Serum levels of total testosterone, free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were higher in subjects who had been given a diagnosis of type II alcoholism, antisocial personality disorder and/or antisocial behavioral traits of the PCL-R. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed a relationship between free testosterone and the psychopathy-related scales of the KSP also when age and signs of hepatic damage were taken into account.
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| 6. |
- Södergård, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Intima kroppsberöringar och intimt tal mellan föräldrar och barn
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att studera förekomst av intima kroppsberöringar och intimt tal mellan föräldrar och barn upp till 12 års ålder. Ett antal föräldrar (50 kvinnor, 46 mmän) besvarade en utdelad enkät. Enligt resultaten förekommer intima beröringar i en mängd varierande situationer, t ex toabesök, sovande, nyfikenhet, tröst, amning, bad, lek, medicinsk anledning. Mer än hälften av alla beröringar från föräldrar gentemot egna barn sker vid hygienskötsel. Barn kommenterar skillnader mellan könen, mellan sig själv och vuxna och kommenterar amning och graviditet, könsorgan och bröst samt ställer frågor inom dessa områden.
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| 7. |
- Fäldt, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in elderly patients with symptoms of organic brain disease.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Aging (Milan, Italy). - 0394-9532. ; 8:5, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the serum concentrations of free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in 173 psychogeriatric patients (94 females and 79 males, mean age 79 +/- 8 years) disclosed that the hormone levels were related to sex, psychiatric diagnosis, medication and the presence of nonthyroid illness (NTI). Subnormal concentrations of thyroid hormones and/or TSH were found in 25% of the patients. In addition, fT3 and fT4 concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in demented males compared with demented females although the levels were within the reference limits. Strongly negative correlations between fT3 and age (p < 0.001), and between fT3 and the sedimentation rate (SR) (p < 0.01) were found in demented but not in non-demented patients. These correlations were most pronounced in (age) or restricted to (SR) demented males. In addition, the correlation between fT3 and Hb was strongly positive (p < 0.001) in demented as well as in nondemented patients, particularly in males. The concentration of fT4 was positively correlated to Hb in demented males (p < 0.001), whereas TSH concentration was positively correlated to Hb in demented females (p < 0.05). The results show that TSH is not sufficient as the sole screening assay for evaluation of possible thyroid dysfunction in psychogeriatric patients. In addition, central (hypothalamic?) hypothyroidism may be present in a substantial amount of psychogeriatric patients, as we found an adequate TSH response to exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also in patients with decreased fT3/fT4 and no signs of non thyroid diseases. Furthermore, there was an apparent lack of correlation between thyroid hormone levels and dementia (or subgroups of dementia), even though thyroid hormone abnormalities seemed to be rather common in frontotemporal dementia (38%) and non specified dementia (36%).
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| 8. |
- Minthon, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in cerebrospinal fluid: correlations with severity of disease and clinical signs in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia
- 1997
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 8:4, s. 232-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the most common types of progressive neurodegenerative disorder in our catchment area. The distribution of cortical degeneration in FTD is mainly the reverse of that in AD, while there are both differences and similarities in the clinical characteristics. Somatostatin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are neuropeptides with a widespread distribution in the human cerebral cortex. Somatostatin is involved in the regulation of hormone release from the anterior pituitary and may act as a neurotransmitter-modulator. NPY is a potent anxiolytic neuropeptide. Somatostatin and NPY coexist in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and in amygdaloid complexes. The present study of AD (n = 34) and FTD (n = 22) analyses the cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and NPY-like immunoreactivity and correlates their levels to 54 different clinical items, such as restlessness, anxiety, irritability and depression. The CSF levels of the two neuropeptides somatostatin and NPY were significantly correlated in FTD (p < 0.02), but not in AD. Several significant correlations to the clinical signs were found: in AD disorientation and dyspraxia, and in FTD agitation, irritability and restlessness. Somatostatin showed a significant negative correlation with severity of dementia in AD (p < 0.013).
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| 9. |
- Minthon, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Tacrine treatment modifies cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide levels in Alzheimer's disease
- 1994
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Ingår i: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 5:6, s. 295-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biochemical and histochemical studies have demonstrated a widespread deficit in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (DAT). Multiple disturbances in several transmitter systems have been found. The most consistent neurochemical changes in DAT are reductions in the cholinergic system. The major pharmacological approach today in DAT is based on the cholinergic theory assuming that acetylcholine has a major cortical impact on cognitive processes. Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA, tacrine) is a centrally active reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. A large number of trials have been performed in patients with DAT. This article was to evaluate whether THA treatment induced neuropeptide alteration in DAT before and after 1 year on oral THA treatment.
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| 10. |
- Holst, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship of vocally disruptive behavior and previous personality in severely demented institutionalized patients.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. - 1532-8228. ; 11:3, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the previous personalities of patients, their behavior during the course of the disease, and the relationship between the previous personality and vocally disruptive behavior of severely demented patients. Twenty-one severely demented patients identified as vocally disruptive and 19 severely demented control subjects who were matched for gender and ward were studied. A family member or close relative who knew the patient very well described the patient's personal characteristics from what they judged to be the “best” period in the patient's life and responded, on behalf of the patient, to the 57 items in a modified version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The results of this study can be interpreted to indicate that a previous personality described as introverted, rigid, and with a tendency to control emotions, as remembered retrospectively by a close family member, may correlate to current disruptive behavior. Despite the limitations of this study, the findings indicated that a patient's previous personality characteristics need to be taken into consideration because they may partially explain vocal activity and are therefore important for the provision of nursing care. Further research has to be performed to highlight the impact of previous personality characteristics on various kinds of behavior during the course of the disease.
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