1.
Olsson, Ulf
(författare)
OM FRISKVÅRDSPEDAGOGIK I ARBETSLIVET. : EN O/RÄTTVIS BETRAKTELSE.
1993
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
I fokus för detta arbete står friskvård inom arbetslivet som pedagogisk praktik med hälsoprofilsbedömning, en metod för undersökning och påverkan av människors hälsostatus och hälsovanor, som konkret exempel. En bakgrund till detta är framväxten av insatser för folkhälsa och den ökade betoning av friskvård inom arbetslivet som skett inom såväl privat som offentlig sektor. Friskvård handlar om människors levnadsvanor när det gäller kost, motion, stress, alkohol, tobak m.m.Hälsoprofilsbedömning och friskvårdspedagogik inom arbetslivet ses här ur två olika perspektiv. Ur det ena perspektivet behandlas verksamheten på dess egna villkor - som en metod att inom ramen för arbetslivet få till stånd ner hälsosamma livsstilar genom kontrakt mellan självständiga parter. Det andra perspektivet kan ses som kritiskt granskande. Här ifrågasätts premissema för hälsoprofilsbedömningen utifrån begrepp som makt och disciplinering. En inspirationskälla har därvid bland annat Michel Foucaults arbeten varit. Som empiriskt material för analysen används två avhandlingar som presenterar hälsoprofilbedömningen som metod.Ur dessa båda perspektiv erhålles två olika betraktelser om hälsoprofilsbedömning och friskvårdspedagogik inom arbetslivet - en rättvis och en orättvis. På basis av en kritisk pragmatisk ansats diskuteras möjligheten till ett samtal baserad på relationen mellan de båda betrakelserna.
2.
Brännström, Inger, 1945-
(författare)
Community participation and social patterning in cardiovascular disease intervention
1993
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This study addresses health policy and public health in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the local level in Sweden. The overall aim is to contribute to the assessment of structural and social conditions within public health by analysing participation processes and outcome patterns in a local health programme. The northern Swedish MONICA study served as a reference area. The research strategy has been to integrate quantitative and qualitative methodologies and, thereby, focus on different aspects of the health programme under study.The mortality rate was excessive in the study area of Norsjö relative to both provincial and national figures over a period of more than 10 years. This finding formed the basis for a tenyear comprehensive and community-based health programme towards the prevention of CVD and diabetes.Even in this seemingly homogeneous area it was found that socio-economic circumstances were associated with the public health. Almost half of the study population had hypercholesterolaemia (;>6.5 mmol/1), 19% of men and 25% of women were smokers and 30% and 29%, respectively, had high blood pressure. Age had a strong impact on all outcome measures. After adjustments for age and social factors it was found that the relative risk of having hypercholesterolaemia dropped significantly in both sexes during the six years of intervention. The probability of being a smoker was significantly reduced only in highly educated groups. No statistically significant change over time could be found for the risk of suffering high blood pressure. In the reference area of northern Sweden there were no changes over time for any of the selected risk factors. The likelihood of self-assessed good health decreased with increasing risk factor load, with the exception of hypercholesterolaemia , in all social strata.The authorities, including the health and medical staff, were the main actors on the mediastage. Men in manual occupations were least affected by the media coverage. The actors and the public as well as the media viewed the health programme as orientated towards individual lifestyles. Community participation was mainly defined by the actors based on the medical and health planning approach. Differences in interpretations, social interests, personal conflicts and ideological constraints among the actors at local level were observed. Some critical attitudes towards the organization and management of the health programme were also noted among the citizens. However, a majority of the public wanted the health programme to continue. The present study underlines the importance of considering age, gender and social differences in the planning and evaluation of CVD preventive programmes.
3.
Johansson, Stina, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
Funktionsförmåga, tillsynsbehov och familjebaserade insatser för vårdtagare med stora hjälpbehov i hemvård [Functional level, care needs and family-based care for home-care recipients with extended care needs]
1993
Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - Oslo : Sykepleiernes Samarbeid i Norden (SSN).. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 13:1, s. 11-17
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
A study of home care and home health services was undertaken in three Swedish municipalities. Persons who received extended home care and home health care were interviewed. The interviews covered different themes such as impairments, care needs, functions and activities in the horizontal social network (the informal network), and opinions concerning how care is and should be provided. A modified ADL-index was used to assess the functional level of daily living. Care needs were measured by the judgement of the care recipient, and by the interviewer's judgement. The correspondence between these measures was high, with some exceptions. Lower correspondence between the measures was obtained for three categories of care recipients: individuals with communicative dysfunctions, younger individuals with reduced ability to move and, thirdly, individuals with psychosocial problems. Problems concerning measurement of care given by family members were also identified and discussed.
4.
Olsson, Ulf
(författare)
Makt och hälsa.
1994
Ingår i: Livsviktigt.. - : Utbildningsförlaget Brevskolan, Stockholm.
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
5.
Olsson, Lars
(författare)
Altern im gesellschaftlichen Wandel : Ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsprojekt über Schweden im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
1984
Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie: europäische Zeitschrift für Altersmedizin und interdisziplinäres Alternsforschung. - : Dietrich Steinkopff. Darmstadt. - 0044-281X. ; 17:1, s. 6-12
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
The author discusses the conceptual framework of ageing in rural and industrial societies. The empiciral studies concern changes in the provisions for old age and in ageing processes of farmers, rural workers and industrial workers. A life course perspective is combined with the analytical terms class and gender.
6.
Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
Chronic pain in a geographically defined general population : studies of differences in age, gender, social class, and pain localization.
1993
Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 9:3, s. 174-182
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE: To establish basic epidemiological data on chronic pain (duration > 3 months) in a defined population. Relationships between age, gender, and social class were tested. DESIGN: A survey of pain symptoms, including location, intensity, duration, and functional capacity, was conducted by means of a mail questionnaire. SETTING: General populations in two Swedish primary health care districts. Medical care was provided in a state health system. SUBJECTS: A random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1,806). The response rate was 90%. OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive epidemiologic data in relation to objectives of the study. RESULTS: Without sex differences, 55% (95% confidence interval, 53-58%) of the population had perceived persistent pain for 3 months and 49% for 6 months. Among individuals with chronic pain, 90% localized their pain to the musculoskeletal system to a variable extent. Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain and had pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, and thigh to a greater extent than men. Prevalence of pain increased by age up to 50-59 years for both genders and then slowly decreased. The neck-shoulder area was the most common site of pain (30.2%), followed by the lower back (23.2%). Even in the youngest age groups more than one of four reported chronic pain. Blue-collar workers and employers (including farmers) reported chronic pain to a greater extent than other groups. In 13% of the population, manifest pain problems were associated with reduced functional capacity. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain symptoms are common but unevenly distributed in a general population. The results may influence planning and consultation in primary health care as well as warranting selective prevention activities.
7.
Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-
(författare)
The epidemiology of chronic pain in a Swedish rural area.
1994
Ingår i: Quality of Life Research, 1994 3(Suppl. 1). ; , s. S19-S26
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
In order to establish basic epidemiological data on chronic pain (duration > 3 months) in a rural population, a survey of pain symptoms was conducted by means of a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1806) in two Swedish primary health care districts. The response rate was 90%. In a follow-up study individuals selected among the responders (neck-shoulder pain, widespread pain and controls without pain; n = 213) were examined and interviewed. They were requestioned about pain symptoms 24 months after the initial survey. Without sex differences 55% of the population had perceived persistent pain for 3 months and 49% for 6 months. Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain and had pain in neck, shoulder, arm and thigh to a greater extent than men. Prevalence of pain increased by age up to 50-59 years for both genders and then slowly decreased. The neck-shoulder area was the most common site of pain (women 32.9%, men 27.5%). Blue-collar workers and employers (including farmers) reported chronic pain to a greater extent than other groups. In 13% of the population, manifest pain problems were associated with reduced functional capacity. Examination of selected pain groups indicated a high proportion of unspecific musculoskeletal symptoms. Diagnosis with definite definitions, explaining the pains, were found in 40% of the individuals. Individuals with widespread pain had a higher pain intensity, more somatic symptoms, were more depressive and had the lowest scores for quality of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
8.
Edling, C., et al.
(författare)
Long-term follow up of workers exposed to solvents
1990
Ingår i: British journal of industrial medicine. - 0007-1072. ; 47:2, s. 75-82
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Long term occupational exposure to organic solvents may cause adverse effects to the central nervous system. This collaborative study between six Swedish departments of occupational medicine examines the overall prognosis in terms of working capacity, symptoms, and psychometric test performance for individuals occupationally exposed to organic solvents. After re-analyses of the data from an initial clinical investigation of 111 men, the subjects were divided into two subgroups: one group of 65 with symptoms but no impairment on the tests and one group of 46 with toxic encephalopathy (symptoms and test impairment). At least five years after the initial examination the subjects were asked to attend a re-examination that included a structured medical interview and a psychometric investigation. The results indicate that effects on the central nervous system persist even when exposure has ceased. In the group of 46 more men had stopped working and were receiving sickness or early retirement pensions. This group also had reduced activity levels with regard to everyday life, leisure activities, and education or training and more neuropsychiatric symptoms. There was no support for the view that a solvent induced toxic encephalopathy is a progressive disease comparable with presenile dementia such as Alzheimer's disease or Pick's disease. If a worker was removed from exposure when he presented symptoms without signs of impairment in intellectual function recovery was seen in most cases.
9.
Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.
1991
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:6-7, s. 602-10
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.
10.
Dorfman, M.V, et al.
(författare)
Questionnaire-based determination of groups at high risk for lung cancer (in Russian)
1990
Ingår i: Problems of Oncology (rus). - 0507-3758. ; 36:12, s. 1469-1473
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The factor analysis of qualitative parameters carried out in 968 patients with lung cancer helped identify certain features which may play the key role in the development and, consequently, diagnosis of various types of the disease. In workers of major industries, smoking proved a significant factor of higher incidence of lung cancer. Formation of the habit at an earlier age, its intensity and concomitant occupational hazards were found to increase the risk of cancer, particularly, in males. Mass screenings and questionnaire--based interviewing of smokers are suggested. Young age and heavy smokers should be included in groups at risk irrespective of
