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- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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SOMWeb - Towards an Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing in Oral Medicine
- 2005
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Ingår i: Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005 - The XIXth International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1586035495 ; 116, s. 527-32, s. 527-532
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a net-based society, clinicians can come together for cooperative work and distance learning around a common medical material. This requires suitable techniques for cooperative knowledge management and user interfaces that are adapted to both the group as a whole and to individuals. To support distributed management and sharing of clinical knowledge, we propose the development of an intelligent web community for clinicians within oral medicine. This virtual meeting place will support the ongoing work on developing a digital knowledge base, providing a foundation for a more evidence-based oral medicine. The presented system is founded on the use and development of web services and standards for knowledge modelling and knowledge-based systems. The work is conducted within the frame of a well-established cooperation between oral medicine and computer science.
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| 3. |
- Gustavsson, Per M., 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Interpretable Representation of Commander's Intent
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (13th ICCRTS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants – both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team’s purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Birger, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a formal definition of goal-oriented business process patterns
- 2005
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Ingår i: Business Process Management Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing. - 1463-7154 .- 1758-4116. ; 11:6, s. 650-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Organizations of today are becoming ever more focused on their business processes. This has resulted in an increasing interest in using best practices for business process re-engineering. Two problems arise in connection to using best practices: how to find a best practice that suits particular purposes, and how to ensure that the process from the best practice has the same nature as the process under re-engineering. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper suggests using business process patterns, i.e. relatively high level business process models, for making near formal comparison of business processes. The paper analyzes widespread modeling techniques to find out which of them suits the task of building patterns for comparison. Based on this analysis, the state-flow modeling technique is chosen and first steps towards formal definition of business process patterns based on this technique are suggested. Findings – A pattern is defined based on the notions of state space, goal, as a surface in the state space, and valid movements towards the goal. A thinkable procedure of constructing patterns is demonstrated on two real-life examples. A hypothetical procedure for comparing process is suggested but it still needs to be verified in practice. Originality/value – The originality of the paper is the way the patterns are formulated and the underlying model, the state-flow view of processes, upon which the patterns are founded.
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| 6. |
- Beckerman, Carina, 1956-
(författare)
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Implications of Transforming the Patient Record into a Knowledge Management System : Initiating a Movement of Coordination and Enhancement
- 2008
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Ingår i: The ICFAI University Journal of Knowledge Management. - New Dehli : The ICFAI University Press. - 0972-9216. ; Nov:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today there is often a need to re-innovate who you are and what you do and re-think the tools that are used and the business models that guide action. The purpose of this paper is to show how transforming a document, such as a patient record, might start a horizontal and vertical movement, a movement of coordination and enhancement in an organizational setting, such as a hospital clinic. The observations presented here and the conclusions drawn were obtained during a three year case study following implications of constructing and computerizing a patient record at three different hospitals. The results were then analyzed, interpreted and discussed within a framework combining theories about knowledge management and with cognitive theories about use of interpretative schemes and representations. This paper tries to look beyond the implications of reconstructing a patient record on a micro-level or explore if it is good or bad to computerize it. Instead this paper theorizes about how re-thinking the interpretative scheme for what a patient record is and how it may be used might restructure a health care setting. It proposes that what the employees want to achieve with the knowledge management system depends on what strategy they have for it.
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| 7. |
- Magnusson, Andreas
(författare)
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Evolutionary optimisation of a morphological image processor for embedded systems
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work presented in this thesis concerns the design, development and implementation of two digital components to be used, primarily, in autonomously operating embedded systems, such as mobile robots. The first component is an image coprocessor, for high-speed morphological image processing, and the second is a hardware-based genetic algorithm coprocessor, which provides evolutionary computation functionality for embedded applications. The morphological image coprocessor, the Clutter-II, has been optimised for efficiency of implementation, processing speed and system integration. The architecture employs a compact hardware structure for its implementation of the morphological neighbourhood transformations. The compact structure realises a significantly reduced hardware resource cost. The resources saved by the compact structure can be used to increase parallelism in image processing operations, thereby improving processing speed in a similarly significant manner. The design of the Clutter-II as a coprocessor enables easy-to-use and efficient access to its image processing capabilities from the host system processor and application software. High-speed input-output interfaces, with separated instruction and data buses, provide effective communication with system components external to the Clutter-II. A substantial part of the work presented in this thesis concerns the practical implementation of morphological filters for the Clutter-II, using the compact transformation structure. To derive efficient filter implementations, a genetic algorithm has been developed. The algorithm optimises the filter implementation by minimising the number of operations required for a particular filter. The experience gained from the work on the genetic algorithm inspired the development of the second component, the HERPUC. HERPUC is a hardware-based genetic algorithm processor, which employs a novel hardware implementation of the selection mechanism of the algorithm. This, in combination with a flexible form of recombination operator, has made the HERPUC an efficient hardware implementation of a genetic algorithm. Results indicate that the HERPUC is able to solve the set of test problems, to which it has been applied, using fewer fitness evaluations and a smaller population size, than previous hardware-based genetic algorithm implementations.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for evaluation of flood management strategies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 86:3, s. 465-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resulting impact of disasters on society depends on the affected country's economic strength prior to the disaster. The larger the disaster and the smaller the economy, the more significant is the impact. This is clearest seen in developing countries, where weak economics become even weaker afterwards. Deliberate strategies for the sharing of losses from hazardous events may aid a country or a community in efficiently using scarce prevention and mitigation resources, thus being better prepared for the effects of a disaster. Nevertheless, many governments lack an adequate institutional system for applying cost effective and reliable technologies for disaster prevention, early warnings, and mitigation. Modelling by event analyses and strategy models is one way of planning ahead, but these models have so far not been linked together. An approach to this problem was taken during a large study in Hungary, the Tisza case study, where a number of policy strategies for spreading of flood loss were formulated. In these strategies, a set of parameters of particular interest were extracted from interviews with stakeholders in the region. However, the study was focused on emerging economies, and, in particular, on insurance strategies. The scope is now extended to become a functional framework also for developing countries. In general, they have a higher degree of vulnerability. The paper takes northern Vietnam as an example of a developing region. We identify important parameters and discuss their importance for flood strategy formulations. Based on the policy strategies in the Tisza case, we extract data from the strategies and propose a framework for loss spread in developing and emerging economics. The parameter set can straightforwardly be included in a simulation and decision model for policy formulation and evaluation, taking multiple stakeholders into account.
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