| 1. |
- Green, Dido, et al.
(författare)
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The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger's syndrome : A comparison with Specific Developmental Disorder of Motor Function
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 43:5, s. 655-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The aims of this study were to measure objectively the extent and severity of motor impairment in children with Asperger's syndrome and to determine whether the motor difficulties experienced by such children differed in any way from those classified as having a Specific Developmental Disorder of Motor Function (SDD-MF). Criteria derived from ICD 10-R were used to identify 11 children with Asperger's syndrome and a matched group of 9 children with a Specific Developmental Disorder of Motor Function. Children in both groups were required to have a verbal IQ of 80 or greater on the WISC IIIR.Method:The Autism Diagnostic Interview (Revised; Lord, Rutter, & LeCouteur, 1994) was used to identify features of AS in the first group and to exclude them in the latter. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) provided a standardised test of motor impairment. A Gesture Test based on that by Cermak, Coster, and Drake (1980) was used to assess the child's ability to mime the use of familiar tools and to imitate meaningless sequences of movements.Results:All the children with Asperger's syndrome turned out to meet our criterion for a diagnosis of motor impairment, five of the six most severely motor impaired children in the whole study being from this group. Performance of the Asperger group was also slightly poorer on the Gesture Test. The profile of performance on each test was examined in detail but no evidence of group differences in the pattern of impairment was found.Conclusions:This study is consistent with others suggesting a high prevalence of clumsiness in Asperger's syndrome. Our findings also attest to the widespread prevalence of motor impairment in developmental disorders and the problems such co-morbidity poses for attempts to posit discrete and functionally coherent impairments underlying distinct syndromes.
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| 2. |
- Barenbaum, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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The psychosocial aspects of children exposed to war : practice and policy initiatives.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 45:1, s. 41-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atrocities of war have detrimental effects on the development and mental health of children that have been documented since World War II. To date, a considerable amount of knowledge about various aspects of this problem has been accumulated, including the ways in which trauma impacts child mental health and development, as well as intervention techniques, and prevention methods. Considering the large populations of civilians that experience the trauma of war, it is timely to review existing literature, summarize approaches for helping war-affected children, and suggest future directions for research and policy.
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| 3. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav V, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidal ideations and attempts in juvenile delinquents.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 44:7, s. 1058-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Suicidality among adolescents is a common focus of clinical attention. In spite of links to disruptive behaviors and other types of psychopathology, it is not clear whether other factors commonly associated with suicide, such as personality and parenting, predict suicidality over and above psychopathology. The purpose of the present study was to assess suicidal ideations and attempts and their relationship to psychopathology, violence exposure, personality traits and parental rearing in Russian male juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder (CD).METHOD: Suicidality and psychopathology were assessed using a semi-structured psychiatric interview in 271 incarcerated male juvenile delinquents diagnosed with CD. Violence exposure, personality characteristics and perceived parental rearing were assessed via self-reports.RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of those diagnosed with CD (92 subjects) reported a lifetime history of either suicidal thoughts or attempts. Suicidal ideators and attempters did not differ significantly on any variable of interest, but both reported significantly higher rates of psychopathology and violence exposure than the non-suicidal group, as well as higher levels of harm avoidance, lower self-directedness, and higher rates of perceived negative parental rearing. Finally, even when controlling for the relationship with psychopathology, personality and perceived parental rearing factors showed significant associations with suicidality.CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile delinquents with CD have high rates of suicidal ideations and attempts, related to a wide spectrum of psychopathology and specific personality traits. These findings suggest that a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors create vulnerability to stressors, which under the influence of situational factors (e.g., repeated traumatization) may lead to suicidal thoughts and acts. Factors potentially contributing to vulnerability for suicidality should be identified when planning prevention and rehabilitation efforts for troubled youth.
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| 4. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Juvenile arrest : a cross-cultural comparison.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 45:3, s. 567-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cross-national studies describing the psychopathological characteristics of arrested adolescents are virtually non-existent. Such studies are important because they have implications for national policy on arrest, case-management, and future research.METHOD: To address this issue, self-report surveys administered to representative groups of 12- to 16-year-old adolescents in New Haven, USA (N = 1138) and Antwerp, Belgium (N = 627) were compared. A number of internalizing and deviant behavior variables were compared between controls (C), non-arrested antisocial (NA), and arrested antisocial (AR) participants.RESULTS: Similar cross-national arrest rates and levels of antisocial behavior were found. NA and AR youths in both countries reported more internalizing problems, except for anxiety, and more deviant characteristics. Contrary to expectations, the level of depression was not higher in AR compared to NA youth when differences in antisocial behavior between NA and AR were controlled. Also unexpected, arrest showed an independent association with a number of deviant behavior variables.CONCLUSIONS: Further research should investigate the underlying mechanisms of these associations, as this insight would be useful for developing future intervention and prevention programs, as well as for developing future national policies regarding juvenile antisocial behavior.
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| 5. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Subtypes of self-esteem and self-concept in adolescent violent and property offenders.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 45:2, s. 405-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the relationship between subtypes of self-esteem/self-concept (familial, academic, social, and personal security) and antisocial behavior in adolescents (violent and property offending).METHOD: A self-report survey was administered in a representative group of 1466 students aged 12 to 18.RESULTS: Both low family acceptance and low academic competence were found to predict property and violent offending, while high peer popularity was found to predict mainly violent offending.CONCLUSION: The finding that subtypes of self-esteem/self-concept present differently in antisocial adolescents may have clinical and scientific consequences, and such differentiation should be considered in future research. It should also be investigated whether this finding has therapeutic consequences.
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| 6. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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The comorbidity of ADHD in the general population of Swedish school-age children
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630. ; 42:04, s. 487-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined patterns of comorbid/associated diagnoses and associated problems in a population sample of children with and without DSM-III-R attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Half (N = 409) of a mainstream school population of Swedish 7-year-olds were clinically examined, and parents and teachers were interviewed and completed questionnaires. The children were followed up 2–4 years later. Eighty-seven per cent of children meeting full criteria for ADHD (N = 15) had one or more—and 67% at least two—comorbid diagnoses. The most common comorbidities were oppositional defiant disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Children with subthreshold ADHD (N = 42) also had very high rates of comorbid diagnoses (71% and 36%), whereas those without ADHD (N = 352) had much lower rates (17% and 3%). The rate of associated school adjustment, learning, and behaviour problems at follow-up was very high in the ADHD groups. We concluded that pure ADHD is rare even in a general population sample. Thus, studies reporting on ADHD cases without comorbidity probably refer to highly atypical samples. By and large, such studies cannot inform rational clinical decisions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Perrin, Sean, et al.
(författare)
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Practitioner review: The assessment and treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in children and adolescents
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630. ; 41:3, s. 277-289
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Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome defined by the intrusive re-experiencing of a trauma, avoidance of traumatic reminders, and persistent physiological arousal. PTSD is associated with high levels of comorbidity and may increase the risk for additional disorders over time. While controversies remain regarding the applicability of the PTSD criteria to very young children, it has proved to be a useful framework for guiding assessment and treatment research with older children and adolescents. This article presents an overview of the literature on the clinical characteristics, assessment, and treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents.
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| 9. |
- Wentz, Elisabet, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Ten-year follow-up of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: psychiatric disorders and overall functioning scales.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. - 0021-9630. ; 42:5, s. 613-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the long-term outcome in a representative sample of teenage-onset anorexia nervosa (AN) in respect of psychiatric disorders and overall outcome. Fifty-one AN cases, recruited by community screening, with a mean age of onset of 14 years, was contrasted with 51 matched comparison cases at a mean age of 24 years (10 years after AN onset). All 102 cases had been examined at ages 16 and 21 years. At 24 years all probands were interviewed regarding psychiatric disorders (SCID-I) and overall outcome (Morgan-Russell assessment schedule, the GAF). There were no deaths at 10-year follow-up. One in four in the AN group had a persisting eating disorder (ED), including three who still had anorexia nervosa. Lifetime diagnoses of affective disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder were over-represented in the AN group. Outcome according to Morgan-Russell was poor in 27%, intermediate in 29%, and good in 43%. According to the GAF, half the AN group had a poor psychosocial functioning. These were subjects with either a persisting ED or lifelong problems with social interaction or obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Ten-year outcome of teenage-onset AN is favourable in the majority of cases; most individuals have recovered from their ED and have no other axis I disorder. However, half the AN group reported poor psychosocial outcome, in most cases explained by a persisting ED or chronic obsessive-compulsive behaviour/social interaction problems.
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