| 1. |
- Anderson, Leif G., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of the Siberian tundra on the environment of the shelf seas and the Arctic Ocean
- 1999
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447. ; 28:3, s. 270-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tundra Ecology -94 expedition investigated inflow of inorganic and organic carbon to the shelf seas by river runoff, and its transformation by biochemical processes in seawater and sediment. In addition, anthropogenic radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, and 239,240Pu, were studied in water and sediments. The distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon indicates that the majority of the Ob and Yenisey discharges flow into the Laptev Sea before entering the central Arctic Ocean. The sediment study shows that there is a marked difference in benthic oxygen uptake, efflux of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients between localities. 137Cs activity from the Chernobyl accident is 30% in the Barents, Kara, and Laptev Seas. 137Cs increased from 5-8 Bq m-3 in Barents Sea, 5-13 Bq m-3 in the Kara Sea to 8-15 Bq m-3 in the Laptev Sea, but with locally low concentrations at the river mouths. Corresponding values for 90Sr were 2.5, 3, and 4 Bq m-3, respectively.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Back, L, et al.
(författare)
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The Kiruna-Narvik road and its impact on the environment and on recreational land use
- 1998
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Ingår i: AMBIO. - : ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES. - 0044-7447. ; 27:4, s. 345-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pressure on the ecosystems of the mountains of northern Sweden has increased over the last hundred years as a result of, e.g., hydropower and infrastructure development, mining and tourism. This paper discusses the impacts of a road project between Ki
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, BE, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive disturbances in Baltic fish: A synopsis of the FiRe project
- 1999
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Ingår i: AMBIO. - : ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES. - 0044-7447. ; 28:1, s. 2-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research within the Swedish FiRe project Reproductive Disturbances in Baltic Fish has focused mainly on the M74 syndrome, which has caused high mortality in fry of sea-run Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Baltic Sea. At the end of the 4-year project
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| 5. |
- Bjork, M, et al.
(författare)
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Coralline algae, important coral reef builders threatened by pollution
- 1995
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Ingår i: AMBIO. - : ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES. - 0044-7447. ; 24:7-8, s. 502-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The release of inorganic nutrients into the sea by domestic sewage is a major threat to many marine systems. This eutrophication affects coral-reef organisms indirectly by increased growth of microalgae, leading to increased sedimentation, decreased light
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| 6. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(författare)
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The problem of ozone depletion in northern Europe
- 1998
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - 0044-7447. ; 27:4, s. 275-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ozone in the atmosphere, mainly in the stratosphere, absorbs most of the ultraviolet-B (wavelength 280-315 nm) radiation from the sun, which can destroy DNA and other biologically important molecules and, thereby, damage living organisms. Due to the pollution of the atmosphere by humans, the ozone layer is presently being depleted, more rapidly at higher latitudes than at lower, and more rapidly over Scandinavia than over most geographical regions at corresponding latitudes. Ultraviolet-B radiation is generally more intense in mountain regions than at sea level. We have experiments in progress in which we simulate the effects of further ozone depletion on terrestrial ecosystems (mountain heaths, bogs, tundra) by irradiating them with artificial ultraviolet-B radiation. Effects on the growth of dwarf-shrubs and mosses and on plant litter decomposition are described.
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| 7. |
- Bremle, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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PCB in water and sediment of a lake after remediation of contaminated sediment
- 1998
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - 0044-7447. ; 27:5, s. 398-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PCB concentration in river water at the outlet of a lake was monitored far two years following the completed remediation of the PCB contaminated sediment of the lake. The remediation resulted in lowered PCB concentration in the sediment, from 5 mu g g(-1) (d.w.) to 0.060 mu g g(-1) (d.w.). PCB concentration in the water decreased over the two years, but varied seasonally. Highest PCB concentrations were recorded in summer. PCB concentration was positively correlated to temperature. Spring and winter values of PCB concentration were positively correlated to water discharge and to suspended matter probably originating from resedimented particles during remediation, PCA analysis of congener patterns in the water supported this conclusion. The seasonality in PCB concentration and congener distribution seemed to gradually become similar to a location upstream of the contaminated lake.
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| 8. |
- Brussaard, Lijbert, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil
- 1997
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - 0044-7447. ; 26:8, s. 563-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the current knowledge on biodiversity in soils, its role in ecosystem processes, its importance for human purposes, and its resilience against stress and disturbance. The number of existing species is vastly higher than the number described, even in the macroscopically visible taxa, and biogeographical syntheses are largely lacking. A major effort in taxonomy and the training of a new generation of systematists is imperative. This effort has to be focussed on the groups of soil organisms that, to the best of our knowledge, play key roles in ecosystem functioning. To identify such groups, spheres of influence (SOI) of soil biota - such as the root biota, the shredders of organic matter and the soil bioturbators - are recognized that presumably control ecosystem processes, for example, through interactions with plants. Within those SOI, functional groups of soil organisms are recognized. Research questions of the highest urgency are the assignment of species to functional groups and determining the redundancy of species within functional groups. These priorities follow from the need to address the extent of any loss of functioning in soils, associated with intensive agriculture, forest disturbance, pollution of the environment, and global environmental change. The soil biota considered at present to be most at risk are species-poor functional groups among macrofaunal shredders of organic matter, bioturbators of soil, specialized bacteria like nitrifiers and nitrogen fixers, and fungiforming mycorrhizas. An experimental approach in addressing these research priorities is needed, using longterm and large-scale field experiments and modern methods of geostatistics and geographic information systems.
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| 9. |
- Bååth, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial community-based measurements to estimate heavy metal effects in soil : The use of phospholipid fatty acid patterns and bacterial community tolerance
- 1998
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - 0044-7447. ; 27:1, s. 58-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial community-based measurements to detect effects of heavy metals in soils rely on the premise that metal toxicity exerts a selection pressure, which induces a change in the composition of the community. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition gives an integrated picture of all living organisms in the soil, and changes in the PLFA pattern of the soil indicate an altered species composition due to, e.g. metal toxicity. An increased bacterial community tolerance to metals also indicates an altered community composition, with tolerant organisms becoming more abundant relative to sensitive organisms. The use of these two techniques is described, and their advantages and disadvantages as monitoring tools are discussed and exemplified by field data and laboratory experiments from different soils.
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| 10. |
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