| 1. |
- Härlin, Mikael
(författare)
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Taxonomic names and phylogenetic trees
- 1998
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 27:4, s. 381-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the issue of philosophy of names within the context of biological taxonomy, more specifically how names refer. By contrasting two philosophies of names, one that is based on the idea that names can be defined and one that they cannot be defined, I point out some advantages of the latter within phylogenetic systematics. Due to the changing nature of phylogenetic hypotheses, the former approach tends to rob taxonomy from its unique communicative value since a name that is defined refers to whatever fits the definition. This is particularly troublesome should the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship change. I argue that, should we decide to accept a new phylogenetic hypothesis, it is also likely that our view of what to name may change. A system where names only refer acknowledge this, and accordingly leaves it open whether to keep a name (and accept the way it refers in the new hypothesis) or discard a name and introduce new names for the parts of the tree that we find scientifically interesting. One of the main differences between a phylogenetic system of definition (PSD) and a phylogenetic system of reference (PSR) is that the former is governed by laws of language while the latter by communicative needs of taxonomists. Thus, a PSR tends to give primacy to phylogenetic trees rather than phylogenetic definitions of names should our views of which phylogenetic hypothesis to accept change.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- NILSON, G, et al.
(författare)
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PHYLOGENY OF THE VIPERS OF THE CAUCASUS (REPTILIA, VIPERIDAE)
- 1994
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Ingår i: ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0300-3256. ; 23:4, s. 353-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phylogenetic relationships for five taxa of Palearctic vipers (genus Vipera) from the Caucasian region were revealed by cladistic analyses of separate and combined morphological and biochemical characters. The different data sets yielded largely congruent
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ronquist, F
(författare)
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Phylogenetic approaches in coevolution and biogeography
- 1997
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Ingår i: ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0300-3256. ; 26:4, s. 313-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I review phylogenetic approaches to problems in coevolution and biogeography, illustrating with case studies. In coevolution, genealogical trees are essential in differentiating between ancient and recent associations, in identifying cospeciation events,
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| 6. |
- Ronquist, F, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Hymenoptera: A cladistic reanalysis of Rasnitsyn's (1988) data
- 1999
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Ingår i: ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA. - : BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD. - 0300-3256. ; 28:1-2, s. 13-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The hypothesis of higher-level relationships among extinct and extant hymenopterans presented by Rasnitsyn in 1988 is widely cited but the evidence has never been presented in the form of a character matric. or analysed cladistically. We review Rasnitsyn'
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| 7. |
- Ronquist, F
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Hymenoptera (Insecta): The state of the art
- 1999
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Ingår i: ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA. - : BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD. - 0300-3256. ; 28:1-2, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Hymenoptera form one of the major insect orders in terms of species diversity and they are also of great ecological and economic importance, notably as pollinators and natural enemies of pests. Phylogenies provide an essential framework for systematic
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