| 1. |
- Ferro, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: : meta-analyses of published data versus pooled analyses of individual participant data (StoP Project).
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 27:3, s. 197-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco smoking is one of the main risk factors for gastric cancer, but the magnitude of the association estimated by conventional systematic reviews and meta-analyses might be inaccurate, due to heterogeneous reporting of data and publication bias. We aimed to quantify the combined impact of publication-related biases, and heterogeneity in data analysis or presentation, in the summary estimates obtained from conventional meta-analyses. We compared results from individual participant data pooled-analyses, including the studies in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, with conventional meta-analyses carried out using only data available in previously published reports from the same studies. From the 23 studies in the StoP Project, 20 had published reports with information on smoking and gastric cancer, but only six had specific data for gastric cardia cancer and seven had data on the daily number of cigarettes smoked. Compared to the results obtained with the StoP database, conventional meta-analyses overvalued the relation between ever smoking (summary odds ratios ranging from 7% higher for all studies to 22% higher for the risk of gastric cardia cancer) and yielded less precise summary estimates (SE ≤2.4 times higher). Additionally, funnel plot asymmetry and corresponding hypotheses tests were suggestive of publication bias. Conventional meta-analyses and individual participant data pooled-analyses reached similar conclusions on the direction of the association between smoking and gastric cancer. However, published data tended to overestimate the magnitude of the effects, possibly due to publication biases and limited the analyses by different levels of exposure or cancer subtypes.
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| 2. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Congenital malformation in offspring of female cancer survivors : A national cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278. ; 27:3, s. 274-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current evidence on congenital malformations in the offspring of cancer survivors is largely inconsistent. Therefore, through this study we aimed to explore the prevalence of congenital malformations in the offspring of cancer survivors. To this end, female cancer survivors were identified from the Swedish Cancer Register and were further linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register and Hospital Discharge Register to identify congenital malformation in their children at birth or during adulthood between 1987 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between congenital malformation and maternal cancer diagnosis. A total of 816 congenital malformations were noted among 9266 children of maternal cancer survivors, and the rate was 8.8%, whereas the rate in the general population was 7.7%. After adjusting for some confounding factors, we found that the risk for congenital malformation in children of cancer survivors was significantly increased with an odds ratio of 1.11 and 95% confidence interval of 1.04-1.20 as compared with that in controls. The increased risk was largely consistent irrespective of maternal age at diagnosis of cancer. The risk for congenital malformation was increased among offspring of female cancer survivors, which calls for further attention directed toward those cancer survivors who plan to have children.
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| 3. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Family history of autoimmune diseases and risk of gastric cancer : A national cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278. ; 27:3, s. 221-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A personal history of autoimmune diseases is associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancer, but whether they share familial susceptibility is still unknown. The contribution of shared environmental or genetic factors toward the observed familial aggregation has not been determined. We used a few Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Cancer Register, to examine the familial risk of gastric cancer among individuals with a family history of a set of autoimmune diseases. Standardized incidence ratios were used to calculate the relative risk. The overall risk of gastric cancer was 1.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.30) among individuals with a sibling affected with any of the 33 autoimmune diseases. For specific disease, siblings of individuals with Crohn's diseases, diabetes type 1, Graves'/ hyperthyroidism, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and uncreative colitis showed an association with an increased incidence of gastric cancer, with a standardized incidence ratio ranging between 1.17 and 1.64. Familial aggregation was found only for corpus cancer. No association was observed between spouses. Gastric cancer, mainly corpus cancer, shares familial susceptibility with a few autoimmune diseases, suggesting that shared genetic polymorphisms may contribute toward both Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune diseases.
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| 4. |
- Pelucchi, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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The stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project : study design and presentation
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 24:1, s. 16-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastric cancer affects about one million people per year worldwide, being the second leading cause of cancer mortality. The study of its etiology remains therefore a global issue as it may allow the identification of major targets, besides eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, for primary prevention. It has however received little attention, given its comparatively low incidence in most high-income countries. We introduce a consortium of epidemiological investigations named the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project'. Twenty-two studies agreed to participate, for a total of over 9000 cases and 23 000 controls. Twenty studies have already shared the original data set. Of the patients, 40% are from Asia, 43% from Europe, and 17% from North America; 34% are women and 66% men; the median age is 61 years; 56% are from population-based case-control studies, 41% from hospital-based ones, and 3% from nested case-control studies derived from cohort investigations. Biological samples are available from 12 studies. The aim of the StoP Project is to analyze the role of lifestyle and genetic determinants in the etiology of gastric cancer through pooled analyses of individual-level data. The uniquely large data set will allow us to define and quantify the main effects of each risk factor of interest, including a number of infrequent habits, and to adequately address associations in subgroups of the population, as well as interaction within and between environmental and genetic factors. Further, we will carry out separate analyses according to different histotypes and subsites of gastric cancer, to identify potential different risk patterns and etiological characteristics. (C) 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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| 5. |
- Petridou, Eleni Th, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and birth anthropometric characteristics in relation to the risk of childhood lymphomas : a Swedish nationwide cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 24:6, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Swedish nationwide cohort study aims to examine the role of maternal characteristics (maternal age, education, smoking, BMI, diabetes, and preeclampsia) and multiple intrauterine growth measures on the risk of childhood lymphomas. A total of 3 444 136 singleton live births registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register were analyzed, among whom there were 515 incident non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases and 169 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases aged 0-14 years at diagnosis (1973-2007) identified through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of NHL and HL. Male sex (HR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.66-2.41), older maternal age (HR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06, per 1-year increase), and large for gestational age compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) birth weight (HR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.20-2.79) were correlated with the risk of NHL; of note, in subanalysis by sex, the latter association was confined to girls (HR=3.37, 95% CI: 1.90-5.97, Pinteraction by sex=0.008). The risk of childhood HL overall was more evident among boys (HR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.46-2.81), whereas indices of accelerated fetal growth were not convincingly associated with the risk of HL. Apart from the established association with sex, the findings point to accelerated intrauterine growth as a risk factor for childhood NHL that may differ by sex. Given the rarity of this condition at birth, however, further studies with more elaborate indices are needed to conclude on its association with rare diseases such as HL.
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| 6. |
- Praud, Delphine, et al.
(författare)
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Cigarette smoking and gastric cancer in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 27:2, s. 124-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco smoking is a known cause of gastric cancer, but several aspects of the association remain imprecisely quantified. We examined the relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of gastric cancer using a uniquely large dataset of 23 epidemiological studies within the 'Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project', including 10 290 cases and 26 145 controls. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects models. Compared with never smokers, the ORs were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.09-1.32) for ever, 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99-1.27) for former, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.11-1.40) for current cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, the risk increased with number of cigarettes per day to reach an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10-1.58) for smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day. The risk increased with duration of smoking, to reach an OR of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.14-1.54) for more than 40 years of smoking and decreased with increasing time since stopping cigarette smoking (P for trend<0.01) and became similar to that of never smokers 10 years after stopping. Risks were somewhat higher for cardia than noncardia gastric cancer. Risks were similar when considering only studies with information on Helicobacter pylori infection and comparing all cases to H. pylori+ controls only. This study provides the most precise estimate of the detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of gastric cancer on the basis of individual data, including the relationship with dose and duration, and the decrease in risk following stopping smoking.
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| 7. |
- Rask, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish women's awareness of human papillomavirus, and health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression after a notification of an abnormal Pap smear result : a cross-sectional study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 28:2, s. 96-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to assess (a) women's awareness of the human papillomavirus (HPV), (b) women's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, and (c) to compare the outcomes between women who are aware of the sexually transmitted nature of the HPV infection and women who are not. Swedish women who have been notified of an abnormal Pap smear result completed a questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic characteristics, items on awareness of HPV, and how to cope with the Pap smear result and the instruments: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, χ-tests, Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test. In total, 122 women participated. The women reported a median (quartile 1-quartile 3) score of 87.6 on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (81.8-107.0), compatible with a good HRQoL. The median (quartile 1-quartile 3) scores on HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression were 7.0 (4.0-10.0) and 3.0 (1.0-5.3), respectively; however, 48.4% of the women reported anxiety (compared with 20% in a normal population). There were no statistically significant differences in the median scores in any of the scales, including the prevalence of distress between the subgroups. Women with abnormal Pap smear results have a good HRQoL; they can become anxious, but not depressed. Awareness of HPV as a sexually transmitted infection is low, but being aware does not impact on women's HRQoL or on anxiety and depression.
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| 8. |
- Thomopoulos, Thomas P, et al.
(författare)
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Prelabor cesarean delivery and early-onset acute childhood leukemia risk.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 25:2, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term impact of cesarean delivery (CD) on the health of the offspring is being explored methodically. We sought to investigate the effect of birth by (a) prelabor and (b) during-labor CD on the risk of early-onset (≤3 years) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), specifically of its prevailing precursor B (B-ALL) subtype. A total of 1099 incident cases of ALL (957 B-ALL), 131 of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and their 1 : 1 age-matched and sex-matched controls, derived from the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies (1996-2013), were analyzed using multivariate regression models. A null association was found between prelabor and/or during labor CD and either ALL (B-ALL) or AML in the 0-14 age range. By contrast, birth by CD increased significantly the risk of early-onset ALL [odds ratioCD (ORCD)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-2.24] mainly on account of prelabor CD (ORprelaborCD=1.66, 95% CI: 1.13-2.43). The respective figures were even higher for the early-onset precursor B-ALL (ORCD=1.66, 95% CI: 1.15-2.40 and ORprelaborCD=1.79, 95% CI: 1.21-2.66), whereas no association emerged for early-onset AML. Prelabor CD, which deprives exposure of the fetus/infant to the presumably beneficial effect of stress hormones released in both vaginal labor and during labor CD, was associated exclusively with an increased risk of early-onset ALL, particularly the precursor B-ALL subtype. If confirmed, these adverse long-term outcomes of CD may point to re-evaluation of prelabor CD practices and prompt scientific discussion on the best ways to simulate the effects of vaginal delivery, such as a precesarean induction of labor.
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| 9. |
- Vulcan, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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A colorectal cancer diet quality index is inversely associated with colorectal cancer in the Malmö diet and cancer study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278. ; 28:6, s. 463-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Cancer Research Fund International has concluded strong evidence for that high intake of dairy products and foods containing dietary fiber and low intake of processed meat are associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). As food items are consumed together, it is important to study dietary patterns. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between an a priori constructed dietary index and incident CRC and between intake of processed meat, fiber, and dairy products and CRC. In the Malmö Diet and Cancer study cohort, 923 cases of CRC were identified, during 502 136 person-years of follow-up. A Colorectal Diet Quality Index (CDQI) was constructed regarding intakes of processed meat, fiber, and dairy products in relation to CRC. Higher index indicated a higher dietary quality. Higher CDQI was associated with lower risk of CRC [hazard ratios (HR): 0.57 for highest compared with lowest quintile; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 0.75; P<0.001]. Intake of dairy products was inversely associated with risk of CRC [HR for highest vs. lowest quintile was 0.77 (CI: 0.62, 0.96); P = 0.008], as was dietary fiber [HR for highest vs. lowest quintile was 0.77 (CI: 0.61, 0.98); P = 0.043]. High intake of processed meat was associated with CRC [HR for highest vs. lowest quintile was 1.31; CI: 1.05, 1.63; P = 0.012]. High adherence to a predefined CRC-specific diet quality index was inversely associated with the risk of CRC and gave a stronger association with CRC, than when analyzing the components of the CDQI individually.
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| 10. |
- Ward, Heather A., et al.
(författare)
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Meat and haem iron intake in relation to glioma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 27:4, s. 379-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diets high in red or processed meat have been associated positively with some cancers, and several possible underlying mechanisms have been proposed, including iron-related pathways. However, the role of meat intake in adult glioma risk has yielded conflicting findings because of small sample sizes and heterogeneous tumour classifications. The aim of this study was to examine red meat, processed meat and iron intake in relation to glioma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. In this prospective cohort study, 408751 individuals from nine European countries completed demographic and dietary questionnaires at recruitment. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine intake of red meat, processed meat, total dietary iron and haem iron in relation to incident glioma. During an average follow-up of 14.1 years, 688 incident glioma cases were diagnosed. There was no evidence that any of the meat variables (red, processed meat or subtypes of meat) or iron (total or haem) were associated with glioma; results were unchanged when the first 2 years of follow-up were excluded. This study suggests that there is no association between meat or iron intake and adult glioma. This is the largest prospective analysis of meat and iron in relation to glioma and as such provides a substantial contribution to a limited and inconsistent literature.
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