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| 2. |
- Westerberg, P, et al.
(författare)
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Psykisk arbetsskada
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbete och Hälsa, skriftserie, red Kjell Torén. Göteborgs universitet, Arbets- och miljömedicin. ; 42:I, s. 1-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Karolina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of mandatory generic substitution on pharmaceutical sales patterns: a national study over five years
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Mandatory generic substitution was introduced in Sweden in October 2002 in order to try to curb escalating pharmaceutical expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate how sales patterns for substitutable and non-substitutable pharmaceuticals have developed since the introduction of mandatory generic substitution; furthermore, to compare sales patterns in different groups of the population, based on patients' age and gender. METHODS:Five therapeutic groups comprising both substitutable and non-substitutable pharmaceuticals were included. The study period was from January 2000 to June 2005. National sales data were used, covering volumes of dispensed prescription medicines (expressed in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants and day) of each pharmacological substance in the therapeutic groups for each age and gender group. Sales patterns for substitutable and non-substitutable pharmaceuticals were compared using a descriptive approach. RESULTS:In most therapeutic groups there has been an increase in the volumes of substitutable pharmaceuticals sold since the introduction of the reform, ranging from one third to three times the initial volume; whereas the volumes of non-substitutable pharmaceuticals have levelled out or declined. There were few gender differences in sales patterns of substitutable and non-substitutable drugs. In three therapeutic groups, sales patterns differed across different age groups, and there was a tendency for volumes of recently introduced non-substitutable pharmaceuticals to be proportionally higher in the youngest age groups. CONCLUSION:Since the introduction of the reform, there has been a proportionally larger increase in sales of substitutable pharmaceuticals compared with sales of non-substitutable pharmaceuticals. This indicates that the reform might have contributed to larger sales of less expensive pharmaceuticals.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Association of IQ scores and school achievement with suicide in a 40-year follow-up of a Swedish cohort.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 118:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated the association of childhood IQ and school achievement with suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of childhood IQ with suicide in a cohort of Swedish women and men. METHOD: 21 809 subjects born in 1948 and 1953 who completed IQ and school tests at age 13 years have been followed until 2003. Information on paternal education and in-patient care for psychosis was linked using the Swedish personal identification number. RESULTS: There were 180 suicides amongst subjects with measured IQ. High IQ was associated with reduced suicide risk among men (OR per unit increase in age-adjusted model 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), while there was no statistical evidence of an association in women (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.90-1.20). Among men with a history of psychosis, high IQ was associated with an increased risk of suicide. CONCLUSION: Low childhood IQ at age 13 years is associated with an increased risk of suicide in men but not in women; however, amongst those with psychosis, low IQ appears to be protective.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The Association of IQ Scores and School Achievement With Suicide in a 40-year Follow-Up of a Swedish Cohort
- 2008
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Ingår i: 10th International Congress of Behavioural Medicine, Drawing from traditional sources and basic research to improve health of individuals, communities and populations, August 27-30, 2008 Tokyo, Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study we have used longitudinal Swedish data with a follow up period of 40 years and included data on both men and women. By using the Swedish personal identification number, educational data (IQ- and school tests) were linked with the National Cause of Death Register, identifying all suicides in the cohorts up to 31st December 2003 and linkage was also made with the National Inpatient Register.Data on childhood socioeconomic status was also included. Our analysis identified gender differences and four broad patterns of associations between tests of intelligence and school performance at age 13 and later suicide risk. Early detection and appropriate interventions amongst children with low cognitive ability may be important in order to prevent future psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. Strategies for better cognitive function implemented in childhood and adolescence may contribute to improved adult health. Increased knowledge of mental health status and suicide risk among high performing females also needs further elucidation.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Depression och självmord
- 2005
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Ingår i: Alkohol och hälsa – en kunskapsöversikt. - 9172573376 ; , s. 73-79
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har systematiskt gått igenom befolkningsbaserade studier, som separat har analyserat frekvenserna för depression och självmord eller självmordsbeteende och deras samband med alkoholberoende, alkoholmissbruk eller riskfylld alkoholkonsumtion. Depressionssjukdomar visade en stark ökning vid alkoholberoende, men endast en marginell ökning vid alkoholmissbruk och riskfylld alkoholkonsumtion. Hela 48 procent av självmorden i Sverige har visat sig vara alkoholrelaterade. Självmordsfrekvensen var förhöjd vid alkoholberoende och hade ofta samband med samtidig depression. En mindre del av självmorden kan förklaras av akut berusningsdrickande oberoende av samtidig depressions- eller alkoholdiagnos.
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| 7. |
- Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Macro-organizational factors, the incidence of work disability, and work ability among the total workforce of home care workers in Sweden.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the importance of macro-organizational factors, i.e. organizational sociodemographic and socioeconomic preconditions, of the municipal incidence of long-term sick leave, disability pension, and prevalence of workers with long-term work ability among home care workers. METHODS: In an ecological study design, data from national databases were combined by record linkage. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to estimate and interpret macro-organizational factors (economic resources, region, unemployment, employment, occupational rehabilitation, return to work, age structures of inhabitants and home care workers). RESULTS: The incidence of long-term sick leave among female home care workers was twice as high as that of male home care workers, and incidence of disability pension was about four times as high for the women. A great variation in municipal incidence of long-term sick leave, disability pension, and long-term work ability (101-264, 0.6-19.6, and 913-1,279 per 1,000 full-time equivalent workers and year) was also found. The strongest single factor for long-term work ability was a high proportion of part-time or hourly paid employees, which explained 35% of the municipal variation. Macro-organizational factors explained long-term work ability (47-62% explained variance) better than long-term sick leave (33% explained variance). There was a low rehabilitation activity; only 2% received occupational rehabilitation and 5% of those on sick leave longer than 2 weeks returned to work within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the municipal proportion of work ability incidence indicate a preventive potential, especially related to employment and return to work after sick leave.
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| 8. |
- Giang, Bao Kim, et al.
(författare)
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The Vietnamese version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) in detecting mental disorders in rural Vietnam: A validation study
- 2006
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 52:2, s. 175-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a need to develop instruments to measure mental disorders in developing countries because mental disorders are increasingly being recognised as a major public health problem. There has been no previous study in Vietnam validating screening instruments for mental health problems. Aim: To adapt and to validate the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) in the Vietnamese community. Methods: A Vietnamese version of the SRQ-20 was developed and tested in 52 persons in a district hospital sample and 485 persons in a community sample. The psychiatrists' diagnoses were taken as the validity criterion. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the optimal cut-off value. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the performance of SRQ in different sociodemographic groups. Results: In the district hospital sample, the optimal cut-off score was 5/6 with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 46% and an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59–0.89). In the community sample, it was 6/7 with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 61% and AUC of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93). In terms of AUC, SRQ performed significantly better in the age group 18–24 years as compared with other ages and with single persons as compared with widowed or divorced people. Conclusion: The SRQ-20 was found feasible to use and adapt to the Vietnamese setting. We confirmed the value of this instrument for use in developing countries, but the optimal cut-off limit has to be assessed and determined according to local conditions.
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