| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Assefa, Getachew
(författare)
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Systems analysis of technology chains for energy recovery from waste
- 2006
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Ingår i: WMSCI 2006. - ORLANDO : INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS. - 9789806560727 ; , s. 183-188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution is based on the result of a project entitled "Systems Analysis: Energy Recovery from waste, catalytic combustion in comparison with fuel cells and incineration" is financed by The Swedish National Energy Administration. The aim of the project was to assess the energy turnover as well as the potential environmental impacts of biomass/waste-to-energy technologies. Four technology scenarios are be studied: (1) Gasification followed by low temperature fuel cells (i.e. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells) (2) Gasification followed by high temperature fuel cells (i.e. Solid Oxide fuel cells (SOFC)) (3) Gasification followed by catalytic combustion (CC) and (4) Incineration with energy recovery. Looking at the result of the four technology chains in terms of the impact categories considered with impact per GWh electricity produced as a unit of comparison and from the perspective of the rank each scenario has in all the four impact categories, SOFC appears to be the winner technology followed by PEM and CC as second and third best respectively with incinerations as the least of all. On other hand, looking at the three important emissions (CO,. NOx and SOx) from the total systems (include both the core system and the external system), SOFC is the best technology equally followed PEM and CC as the second best. A comparison of the same emissions from the core systems places CC on equal level with SOFC as the best technologies with PEM as the second best.
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| 3. |
- Boeck, Simon Skovgaard, 1977-
(författare)
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8.4 Ældre nydansk [ordforråd]
- 2018
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Ingår i: Dansk Sproghistorie 2. - København : Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab. - 9788771841633 ; , s. 303-318
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gandini, E., et al.
(författare)
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Optomechanical System Design for Dual-Mode Stand-Off Submillimeter Wavelength Imagers
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2156-342X .- 2156-3446. ; 7:4, s. 393-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the practical tradeoffs for designing submillimeter wavelength imagers based on optomechanical systems combined with focal plane arrays (FPAs) are presented. The architecture of these systems differs for operation at short and long ranges. General formulas to derive the effective field of view of diffraction limited quasi-optical systems in these two scenarios are shown. These formulas can be used to evaluate the performance of a specific optical system implementation. As an application example, we present the design of an optomechanical system that can operate at both ranges in a modular approach. The presented implementation achieves an effective field of view, which is 70% of the canonical one. The proposed solution consists of a linear FPA of eight active transceivers combined with a raster scan technique. The system for short-range scenario is a side-fed dual-reflector Dragonian architecture because of its good scanning performance when illuminated by an FPA. Thanks to the system's small aperture, the scanner is arranged after the primary mirror, without causing additional scan loss. The Dragonian system is then used to illuminate a confocal dual-reflector architecture to magnify its aperture, and can be used in the long-range scenario. The scanner in this case is before the main aperture and it has to be considered in the performance optimization of the optical system since it adds phase aberration loss.
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| 6. |
- Holmer, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive Emission Management Based on Pre-Heating for Heavy-Duty Powertrains
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 15:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid electric vehicles are promising solutions to the need for cleaner transport. Their ability to drive fully electric also opens the possibility of zero local emission operation by turning off the internal combustion engine. However, prolonged periods with the engine turned off result in a cooldown of the aftertreatment system resulting in increased emissions when the engine is restarted. To remedy this problem, an emission management strategy that, based on pre-heating of the aftertreatment system, aims to reduce the impact of a prolonged engine-off event on NO emissions is developed. The method works by locating each engine-off event and then handling each event separately using an optimization scheme that combines pre-heating and a causal heuristic emission management strategy. The individual events are linked using an equivalence factor that describes the decided trade-off between fuel and NOx. The equivalence factor can be chosen heuristically or iteratively to give the desired result in terms of NO(x )reduction and fuel consumption. The strategy is evaluated using simulations of a drayage drive cycle with multiple engine-off events. The results from the simulations show that for engine-off times below 0.5 h the strategy can reduce NOx compared to the baseline strategy while using the same amount of fuel. If the strategy is allowed more fuel, significant reductions in NOx can be seen for engine-off times up to 1.5 h, after which an exponential decay in the effectivity of the strategy is observed. It is also shown that the reduction in NOx is fairly linear in the equivalence factor, which gives the procedure of choosing it a predictable behavior.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- van der Avoird, A, et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio potential-energy surface and rovibrational states of the HCN-HCl complex
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 124:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A four-dimensional intermolecular potential-energy surface has been calculated for the HCN-HCl complex, with the use of the coupled cluster method with single and double excitations and noniterative inclusion of triples. Data for more than 13 000 geometries were represented by an angular expansion in terms of coupled spherical harmonics; the dependence of the expansion coefficients on the intermolecular distance R was described by the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. The global minimum with D-e=1565 cm(-1) and R-e=7.47a(0) has a linear HCN-HCl hydrogen-bonded structure with HCl as the donor. A secondary hydrogen-bonded equilibrium structure with D-e=564 cm(-1) and R-e=8.21a(0) has a T-shaped geometry with HCN as the donor and the acceptor HCl molecule nearly perpendicular to the intermolecular axis. This potential surface was used in a variational approach to compute a series of bound states of the isotopomers HCN-(HCl)-Cl-35, DCN-(HCl)-Cl-35, and HCN-(HCl)-Cl-37 for total angular momentum J=0,1,2 and spectroscopic parities e, f. The results could be analyzed in terms of the approximate quantum numbers of a linear polyatomic molecule with two coupled bend modes, plus a quantum number for the intermolecular stretch vibration. They are in good agreement with the recent high resolution spectrum of Larsen [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 1953 (2005)] in the region of 330 cm(-1) corresponding to the HCl libration. The (partly anomalous) effects of isotopic substitutions on the properties of the complex were explained with the aid of the calculations.
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| 10. |
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