| 1. |
- Gudmundsdottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The type and timing of patent ductus arteriosus treatment was associated with neurodevelopment when extremely preterm infants reached 6.5 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:2, s. 510-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study investigated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment and neurodevelopmental outcomes when extremely preterm born children reached 6.5 years. Method: Our cohort was 435 children with neonatal PDA treatment data and neurodevelopmental follow-up data, born in 2004-2007, who participated in the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study. Pharmacological or surgical PDA treatment and the age at PDA treatment, were investigated in relation to the risks of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 6.5 years. Results: The children who received PDA drug treatment, including those who also had surgery, had the same risk of moderate to severe NDI or lower FSIQ as untreated children. However, children who had primary PDA surgery faced increased risks of NDI, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.06) and a lower adjusted mean difference FSIQ of −7.1 (95% CI −11 to −3.2). Surgery at less than 10 days of life was associated with a significantly increased risk of moderate to severe NDI and lower FSIQ than surgery after 20 days. Conclusion: Drug treatment followed by deferred surgery appeared to be a safer option for extremely preterm infants severely affected by PDA.
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| 2. |
- Pearce, Elena A., et al.
(författare)
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Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before Homo sapiens
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 9:45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent of vegetation openness in past European landscapes is widely debated. In particular, the temperate forest biome has traditionally been defined as dense, closed-canopy forest; however, some argue that large herbivores maintained greater openness or even wood-pasture conditions. Here, we address this question for the Last Interglacial period (129,000–116,000 years ago), before Homo sapiens–linked megafauna declines and anthropogenic landscape transformation. We applied the vegetation reconstruction method REVEALS to 96 Last Interglacial pollen records. We found that light woodland and open vegetation represented, on average, more than 50% cover during this period. The degree of openness was highly variable and only partially linked to climatic factors, indicating the importance of natural disturbance regimes. Our results show that the temperate forest biome was historically heterogeneous rather than uniformly dense, which is consistent with the dependency of much of contemporary European biodiversity on open vegetation and light woodland.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Helena, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Samtycke, känslor och möjligheter att agera : barnsyn och barns aktörskap i sexualbrottsförebyggande litteratur för förskoleåldern
- 2022
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Ingår i: Barn. - : Cappelen Damm AS - Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 0800-1669 .- 2535-5449. ; 40:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I artikeln analyseras svenska bilderböcker som gör anspråk på att förebygga sexuella övergrepp. Syftet med studien är att analysera böckernas barnsyn och syn på barns aktörskap. Analysen visar att böckerna beskriver övergrepp i vaga uttryck. Ett huvudbudskap är att principen om samtycke ska gälla för barn, men utan att kopplas till sex. Samtycke uppnås genom att känna efter och agera utifrån egna och andras kroppsliga integritetsgränser. Barn positioneras som utsatta gentemot vuxna, samtidigt som de ska förstå att de kan agera nästan jämlikt. Vissa budskap riktar sig direkt till eller om vuxna; att de måste lyssna på barn. Analysen visar att böckerna har ett fokus som inte framkommit i studier av internationell utgivning. De svenska exemplen kan ses som en bred socialisation för att förebygga sexuella övergrepp mot barn, men också mot vuxna.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish media discourses about child sexual abuse in preschools : the best interest of the child and continued trust in male teachers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Early Child Development and Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-4430 .- 1476-8275. ; 190:12, s. 1878-1886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The framing of news promotes certain interpretations. The representation of a problem in public media thereby affects the idea of what to do about that problem. This article analyses discourses about child sexual abuse (CSA) in preschools, occurring in Swedish printed media 2014–2015, and interprets the effects that the discourses may have on the social practices. ‘The discourse of the best interest of the child and preschool as a good place’ and ‘the discourse of equality as an ideal’ dominate the material, although narratives describe CSA. Solutions to limiting CSA are discussed only rarely.
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| 5. |
- Broström, Eva W., et al.
(författare)
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Gait in children with achondroplasia – a cross-sectional study on joint kinematics and kinetics
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children with achondroplasia have extreme short stature due to short limbs, as well as several other clinical features that may affect their gait. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to provide a detailed description of gait in children with achondroplasia compared to age-matched controls. Methods: Between the years 2007 and 2010, 16 children with achondroplasia [mean age 9.6 years (range 5–16; six female)] with no previous history of orthopaedic lower limb surgery and 19 age-matched controls conducted three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis at one occasion. The gait analysis rendered pelvis and lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics, and time and distance data. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Fisher’s exact test were used to describe the cohort including gait data and participant characteristics. Results: Children with achondroplasia had kinematic gait pattern deviations in all three planes, especially in the sagittal plane, when compared to the control group. Peak anterior pelvic tilt and peak ankle dorsiflexion were found to be increased. Increased knee flexion was noted at initial contact and again at terminal stance. During stance, children with achondroplasia had a higher peak hip abduction angle and a higher peak knee varus angle in the frontal plane. In the sagittal plane, kinetic gait pattern deviations were found at the hip, knee, and ankle, consistent with a flexion pattern. Compared to the control group, children with achondroplasia walked with reduced walking speed and step length, and increased cadence. There was no difference in walking speed when leg length was taken into account. Normalised step length and normalised cadence, on the other hand, were found to be increased in children with achondroplasia. Conclusions: The observed gait characteristics in children with achondroplasia are related to anatomical attributes and strategies to increase step length, and hence walking speed.
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| 6. |
- Henckel, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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A novel association between ykl-40, a marker of structural lung disease, and short telomere length in 10-year-old children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Children. - : MDPI. - 2227-9067. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extremely preterm infants are born with immature lungs and are exposed to an inflammatory environment as a result of oxidative stress. This may lead to airway remodeling, cellular aging and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Reliable markers that predict the long-term consequences of BPD in infancy are still lacking. We analyzed two biomarkers of cellular aging and lung function, telomere length and YKL-40, respectively, at 10 years of age in children born preterm with a history of BPD (n = 29). For comparison, these markers were also evaluated in sex-and-age-matched children born at term with childhood asthma (n = 28). Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured in whole blood with qPCR and serum YKL-40 with ELISA, and both were studied in relation to gas exchange and the regional ventilation/perfusion ratio using three-dimensional V/Q-scintigraphy (single photon emission computer tomography, SPECT) in children with BPD. Higher levels of YKL-40 were associated with shorter leukocyte RTL (Pearson’s correlation: −0.55, p = 0.002), but were not associated with a lower degree of matching between ventilation and perfusion within the lung. Serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in children with BPD compared to children with asthma (17.7 vs. 13.2 ng/mL, p < 0.01). High levels of YKL-40 and short RTLs were associated to the need for ventilatory support more than 1 month in the neonatal period (p < 0.01). The link between enhanced telomere shortening in childhood and structural remodeling of the lung, as observed in children with former BPD but not in children with asthma at the age of 10 years, suggests altered lung development related to prematurity and early life inflammatory exposure. In conclusion, relative telomere length and YKL-40 may serve as biomarkers of altered lung development as a result of early-life inflammation in children with a history of prematurity.
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| 7. |
- Hulth, Magdalena, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Child sexuality and interdependent agency in sexuality education texts for Swedish preschool practitioners 1969−2021 : three discourses on children’s sexual play
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sex Education. - 1468-1811 .- 1472-0825.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a discourse analysis of 12 Swedish sexuality education texts intended for preschool practitioners and published between 1969 and 2021. Using Fairclough’s framework, we identify three discourses about children’s sexual play in relation to children’s sexual agency in the texts: child sexuality as encouraged and entangled with adult sexuality; child sexuality as conditioned by what is perceived as normal or abnormal in children; and child sexuality as repressed. These three discourses mainly appear chronologically, but also overlap and connect with one another. When analysis begins from children’s position and a theoretical understanding of children’s and adults’ agency as interdependent, it becomes possible to see how the child is construed as agentic, and how the adult role changes from encouraging sexual play to regulating and monitoring behaviour so that it does not occur. Over time, discourse on young children’s sexual play has changed our understanding of both adults and children. Adults are increasingly construed as less knowledgeable in relation to young children’s sexuality, and young children have become understood as more dangerous and in need of having their sexuality constrained and civilised.
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| 8. |
- Johnsen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Work-, lifestyle-, and health-related factors among women and men working in the emergency medical services
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 30:2, s. 651-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. This study aimed to describe work-, lifestyle-, and health-related factors among ambulance personnel, and to analyse differences between women and men.Methods. The cross-sectional study (N = 106) included self-reported and objective measures of work, lifestyle, and health in 10 Swedish ambulance stations. The data collection comprised clinical health examination, blood samples, tests of physical capacity, and questionnaires.Results. A high proportion of the ambulance personnel reported heavy lifting, risk of accidents, threats and violence at work. A low level of smoking and alcohol use, and a high level of leisure-time physical activity were reported. The ambulance personnel had, on average, good self-rated health, high work ability and high physical capacity. However, the results also showed high proportions with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), e.g., high blood pressure, and high levels of blood lipids. More women than men reported high work demands. Furthermore, women performed better in tests of physical capacity and had a lower level of CVD risk factors.Conclusions. Exposure to work-related factors that might affect health was common among ambulance personnel. Lifestyle- and health-related factors were somewhat contradictory, with a low proportion reporting lifestyle-related risk factors, but a high proportion having risk factors for CVD.
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| 9. |
- Johnsen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Work-related factors and hair cortisol concentrations among men and women in emergency medical services in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambulance personnel in emergency medical services are exposed to physical demands and stress during work, and an increased prevalence of ill health has been observed in this group. The aim was to compare hair cortisol concentration (HCC) among Swedish ambulance personnel with HCC in a population-based reference sample, to analyse differences between women and men, and differences due to work-related factors. Samples of hair 1 cm closest to the skin (5-10 mg) were collected and analysed for cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Moreover, the participants responded to a questionnaire regarding their work environment. The HCC among the ambulance personnel did not differ from the HCC in the population-based reference sample (median 19.2 vs. 22.2 pg/mg, p = 0.319), nor were there statistically significant differences between women and men. Furthermore, no associations were found between HCC and physical and psychosocial work demands, work stress, or rest and recovery from work. However, occupational balance was positively correlated with HCC (rp = 0.240; p = 0.044). The association remained statistically significant after adjustment for sex, age, hair bleaching, and corticosteroid treatment in a linear regression model. This study adds knowledge regarding HCC among ambulance personnel, and thus contributes to the overall picture of work environment and health for this group.
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