| 1. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm, Sweden, 2003-2005
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 158:6, s. 823-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County in those patients who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for the First time during the years 2003-2005. Design: All new cases of hyperthyroidism >= 18 years of age were prospectively registered to calculate the total incidence of hyperthyroidism, as well as the incidence of the subgroups: Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goitre and solitary toxic adenoma (STA). Eight specialized units/hospitals in Stockholm County participated in the registration. The participating physicians were all specialists in medical endocrinology. oncology, nuclear medicine or surgery. Results: Duringa 3-year period, 1431 new patients of hyperthyroidism were diagnosed in a well-defined adult population (>18 years of age) of in average 1 457 036 inhabitants. This corresponds to a mean annual incidence of hyperthyroidism of 32.7/100 000. The incidence of GD was 24.5/100 000 per year. toxic nodular goitre was 3.3/100 000 per year and STA was 4.9/100 000 per year. Conclusions: The total incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County was found to be 32.7/100 000 per year. of which 75% had GD. There were a higher percentage of smokers among the patients with hyperthyroidism compared with the overall population in Stockholm, but no difference in the frequency of smoking between patients with GD and toxic nodular goitre.
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| 2. |
- Calissendorff, Jan
(författare)
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Alcohol and the effect on some appetite-regulating hormones in man
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beverage containing alcohol has been used for centuries to stimulate appetite. Ingestion of a moderate amount of alcohol increase energy intake. Regulation of food intake is complex. Several factors cooperate such as neural impulses from sensory organs; sight, smell, gut distension, social setting, memory, current energy status and hormones. How alcohol affects these factors is not well understood. This research project has focused on how alcohol influences the peripheral secretion of hormones, known to convey information from the periphery to hunger-regulating centers in the brain about the prevailing caloric homeostasis. Leptin produced by adipocytes, and gut-derived peptide YY (PYY), are two such hormones which inhibit food intake, whereas ghrelin produced by cells in the upper part of the gastro intestinal tract, stimulates appetite. These hormones have central effects on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which stimulates and down-regulates hunger, respectively. Other gut hormones, having central effects as well as influence on intestinal motility, are glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and obestatin. Liver derived insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) are also of interest in this context, as they are affected by nutritional status and could be factors which influence appetite-regulating centers directly or indirectly via peripherally produced hormones. Aim: To study the effect of alcohol on the secretion of peripheral hormones known to be involved in the regulation of food intake. Material and Methods: 51 healthy subjects (26F/25M) were included in the study. All were young, healthy, normal weight and free of medication. In five separate experiments subjects were investigated in groups of 7-12 individuals. In exp 1, 2 and 3 the effect of alcohol on various hormone levels in serum, was compared with the effect of drinking water. In exp 2 the alcohol effect on urinary excretion of catecholamines was determined with or without oral beta-receptor blockade (propranolol). In exp 5 alcohol influence on gastro-intestinal hormones was investigated with or without sucralfate gastroprotection. Results and discussion: A moderate amount of alcohol induced a significant inhibition of both diurnal and nocturnal secretion of leptin. Factors known to affect the secretion of leptin such as insulin, glucose, cortisol, testosterone, and catecholamines were not influenced by the drug. IGFBP-1 increased significantly after alcohol, contrasting IGF-1, which remained unchanged. This resulted in a low IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratio and, as a consequence, in a decreased IGF-1 bioavailability. Alcohol had both acute and prolonged inhibitory effect on serum levels of both total and octanoylated ghrelin, but was without significant influence on serum concentrations of NPY, PYY, GLP-1 and obestatin. Gastro-protection with sucralfate did not change the alcohol-induced inhibition of leptin and ghrelin secretion. Conclusion: Acute ingestion of alcohol inhibits the secretion of leptin and ghrelin, induces a marked decline in the IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratio, but leaves NPY, PYY, GLP-1 and obestatin unchanged. Previous studies suggest that leptin may have long-term rather than acute inhibitory effects on hunger. Therefore, the present findings do not lend strong support to the hypothesis that alcohol has acute stimulatory effect on appetite by influencing peripherally produced hormones. If alcohol has appetite-stimulating properties in humans it is more likely that this is an effect caused by direct influence on appetite-regulating neurons in the brain.
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| 3. |
- Träisk, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy after Treatment for Graves´Hyperthyroidism with Antithyroid Drugs or lodine-131
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:10, s. 3700-3707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Previous randomized trials have suggested an association between radioiodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the occurrence of worsening or development of TAO in patients who were treated with radioiodine or antithyroid drugs. Design: We conducted a randomized trial (TT 96) with a follow-up of 4 yr. Patients, Setting, and Intervention: Patients with a recent diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism were randomized to treatment with iodine-131 (163 patients) or 18 months of medical treatment (150 patients). Early substitution with T-4 was given in both groups. Main Outcome Measure: Worsening or development of TAO was significantly more common in the iodine-131 treatment group (63 patients; 38.7%) compared with the medical treatment group (32 patients; 21.3%) (P < 0.001). Results: The risk for de novo development of TAO was greater in patients treated with iodine-131 (53 patients) than with medical treatment(23patients). However, worsening of TAO in the 41 patients who had ophthalmopathy already before the start of treatment was not more common in the radioiodine group (10 patients) than in the medical group (nine patients). Smoking was shown to influence the risk of worsening or development of TAO, and smokers treated with radioiodine had the overall highest risk for TAO. However, in the group of smokers, worsening or development of TAO was not significantly associated with the choice of treatment for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Radioiodine treatment is a significant risk factor for development of TAO in Graves' hyperthyroidism. Smokers run the highest risk for worsening or development of TAO irrespective of treatment modality.
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