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- Castellano, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The role of RANK-ligand inhibition in cancer : the story of denosumab
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Oncologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1549-490X .- 1083-7159. ; 16:2, s. 45-136
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diagnosis of bone metastases is an event with certain consequences for the patient. They often mean pain and can also mean pathological fractures, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression, all synonymous with a diminished quality of life and often also hospitalization. Since the advent of the intravenous bisphosphonates, things began to look a bit brighter for patients with bone metastases-bone destruction was kept at bay a little longer. The next generation of bone metastasis treatments is well on its way in clinical development, and among them, the most advanced drug is denosumab. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclast maturation, activation, and function by binding to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, with the final result being a reduced rate of bone resorption. In this review, we give an overview of relevant preclinical and clinical data regarding the use of denosumab in patients with solid tumors in general and prostate cancer in particular.
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| 2. |
- Lazaridis, Iosif, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 513:7518, s. 409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced the genomes of a similar to 7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight similar to 8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes(1-4) with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians(3), who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had similar to 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
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| 3. |
- Öberg, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Current knowledge on diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Metastasis Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-7659 .- 1573-7233. ; 30:1, s. 3-7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) consist of a heterogeneous group of malignancies with various clinical presentations and growth rates. The incidence has been estimated to 2.5-5 per 100,000 people per year and prevalence of 35 per 100,000. The largest group is the gastroenteropancreatic NETs. Small intestinal NETs are the most common followed by pancreatic NETs in the gastrointestinal tract. A classification system (World Health Organization) was established in year 2000 and recently updated in 2010, taking into consideration the histopathology and tumor biology of the tumors. To further refine the classification a "tumor node metastasis" staging has been suggested by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. The same organization has also proposed a grading system (G1, G2, and G3). The diagnosis of a NET is based on histopathology on tumor specimens, circulating biomarkers as well as imaging. Traditional radiology, such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, is still the basis but is complemented with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and positron emission tomography with specific isotopes such (68)Ga-DOTA-octreotate, F18-dopamine, or C11-5 hydroxytryptamine. Molecular imaging will increase in importance in the near future. There is still an unmet need for more sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up.
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