| 1. |
- Christensen, Jacob Dalgaard, et al.
(författare)
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Smaller prize, bigger size? Exploring the impact of money on men's self-reported markers of masculinity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bodily markers, often self-reported, are frequently used in research to predict a variety of outcomes. The present study examined whether men, at the aggregate level, would overestimate certain bodily markers linked to masculinity, and if so, to what extent. Furthermore, the study explored whether the amount of monetary rewards distributed to male participants would influence the obtained data quality. Men from two participant pools were asked to self-report a series of bodily measures. All self-report measures except weight were consistently found to be above the population mean (height and penis size) or the scale midpoint (athleticism). Additionally, the participant pool that received the lower (vs. higher) monetary reward showed a particularly powerful deviation from the population mean in penis size and were significantly more likely to report their erect and flaccid penis size to be larger than the claimed but not verified world record of 34 cm. These findings indicate that studies relying on men’s self-reported measures of certain body parts should be interpreted with great caution, but that higher monetary rewards seem to improve data quality slightly for such measures.
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| 2. |
- Dalgaard, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Roman Roads to Prosperity: Persistence and Non-Persistence of Public Goods Provision
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How persistent is public goods provision in a comparative perspective? We explore the link between infrastructure investments made during antiquity and the presence of infrastructure today, as well as the link between early infrastructure and economic activity both in the past and in the present, across the entire area under dominion of the Roman Empire at the zenith of its geographical extension (117 CE). We find a remarkable pattern of persistence showing that greater Roman road density goes along with (a) greater modern road density, (b) greater settlement for-mation in 500 CE, and (c) greater economic activity in 2010. Interestingly, however, the degree of persistence in road density and the link between early road density and contemporary economic development is weakened to the point of insignificance in areas where the use of wheeled vehicles was abandoned from the first millennium CE until the late modern period. Taken at face value, our results suggest that infrastructure may be one important channel through which persistence in comparative development comes about.
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| 3. |
- Dalgaard, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The bounty of the sea and long-run development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Growth. - 1381-4338.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We document that a high level of natural productivity of the ocean - a rich bounty of the sea - has had a positive and persistent impact on economic development since pre-industrial times until today. In addition, we document that it is the bounty of the sea of the ancestors of current populations which drives the persistent effect, not geography per se. We argue that an explanation is that a rich bounty of the sea facilitated early coastal settlements and an early coastal orientation of pre-industrial economic activity. This gave rise to occupations outside of agriculture and capabilities that were complementary to early industrialization. In the long run this contributed to an early take-off to sustained economic growth.
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| 4. |
- Dalgaard, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Why Are Market Economies Politically Stable? A Theory of Capitalist Cohesion
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present paper documents that political stability is positively associated with the extent of domestic trade. In explaining this reg- ularity, we provide a model where political cohesion is linked to the emergence of a fully functioning market economy. Without market ex- change, the welfare of inherently selfish individuals will be mutually independent. As a result, political negotiations, echoing the prefer- ences of the citizens of society, will be dog-eat-dog in nature. Whoever has greater bargaining power will be willing to make decisions that en- hance the productivity of his supporters at the expense of other groups in society. If the gains from specialization become su¢ ciently large, however, a market economy will emerge. From being essentially non- cooperative under self-sufficiency, the political decision making process becomes cooperative in the market economy, as the welfare of individ- uals will be mutually interdependent due to the exchange of goods.
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| 5. |
- Dalgaard, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Windfall Gains, Political Economy, and Economic Development
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Natural resource rents and foreign aid have the character of windfall gains that affect economic outcomes both directly and indirectly. Several studies have shown that the indirect effect typically works via institutions like corruption. In this article, we offer a theoretical framework for a joint analysis of how natural resources and aid potentially affect total output in society through rent seeking activities. We survey the existing evidence on both direct and indirect effects of windfalls and provide some new empirical evidence of the association between aid/natural resources and institutions in a large cross-section of countries. Our results suggest that whereas more aid means less corruption, natural resource rents is positively correlated with corruption, although both relationships are nonlinear.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lagerkvist, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A meta-analytical and experimental examination of blood glucose effects on decision making under risk
- 2020
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - 1930-2975. ; 15, s. 1024-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that short-term changes in blood glucose influence our preferences and may affect decisions about risk as well. However, consensus is lacking about whether and how blood glucose influences decision making under risk, and we conduct two experiments and a meta-analysis to examine this question in detail. In Study 1, using a pecuniary valuation method, we find no effect of blood glucose on willingness to pay for risky products that may act as allergens. In Study 2, using risky gambles, we find that low levels of blood glucose increase risk taking for food and to a lesser degree for non-food rewards. Combining our own and previous findings in a meta-analysis, we show that low levels of blood glucose on average increase risk taking about food. Low blood glucose does not increase risk taking about non-food rewards although this is subject to heterogeneity. Overall, our studies suggest that low blood glucose increases our willingness to gamble on how much food we can get, but not our willingness to eat food that can harm us. Our findings are best explained by the energy budget rule.
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| 8. |
- Perrotta, Maria Carmela, 1981-
(författare)
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Aid, Education and Development
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four essays in development and political economics.Aid Effectiveness: New Instrument, New Results?Despite a voluminous literature, the question of whether aid leads to growth is still controversial. To observe the effect of aid, researchers have used instrumental variables that must be exogenous to growth and explain well aid flows. We propose a new instrument based on aid quantities as predicted by the priority that different recipients are given by the donors. We find a positive and significant, though relatively small, effect of aid.Hidden Redistribution in Higher EducationThis paper advances and tests the hypothesis that overspending in higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa reflects patterns of redistribution towards the elites close to the political leaders, when this level of education is accessible exclusively or mostly to such groups. I find support for this hypothesis, but the bulk of the Sub-Saharan Africa spending anomaly remains to be explained.The Impact of a Food For Education Program on Schooling in CambodiaFood for education (FFE) programs, which consist of meals served in school and in some cases take-home rations, are considered a powerful tool to improve education and health outcomes for children in the developing world. In this paper, we evaluate the Cambodia FFE and find that it increased enrollment rates, school attendance and achieved education. We also investigate who benefited the most, and how cost-effective such a program is compared to other types of interventions.Heterogeneity in the Growth Elasticity of PovertyIncreasing per capita incomes are generally associated with decreasing poverty rates. After the UN Millennium Declaration, a big research effort has focused on the responsiveness of poverty to growth using the concept of growth elasticity of poverty: the percentage change in poverty associated with a 1 percent growth in per capita income. This paper investigates, with help of new data, the heterogeneity around a well known average relationship. The main focus is on the effect of constitutions.
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