| 1. |
- van de Sande-Bruinsma, Nienke, et al.
(författare)
-
Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in Europe
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 14:11, s. 1722-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study confronts the use of antimicrobial agents in ambulatory care with the resistance trends of 2 major pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, in 21 European countries in 2000-2005 and explores whether the notion that antimicrobial drug use determines resistance can be supported by surveillance data at national aggregation levels. The data obtained from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption and the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System suggest that variation of consumption coincides with the occurrence of resistance at the country level. Linear regression analysis showed that the association between antimicrobial drug use and resistance was specific and robust for 2 of 3 compound pathogen combinations, stable over time, but not sensitive enough to explain all of the observed variations. Ecologic studies based on routine surveillance data indicate a relation between use and resistance and support interventions designed to reduce antimicrobial drug consumption at a national level in Europe.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lalani, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci: findings from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723. ; 25:6, s. 365-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infective endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci is increasingly recognized as a difficult-to-treat disease associated with poor outcome. The aim of this report is to describe the characteristics and outcome of patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) due to coagulase-negative staphylococci versus those of patients with PVE due to Staphylococcus aureus and viridans streptococci. Patients were identified through the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database. A total of 54 cases of coagulase-negative staphylococci PVE, 58 cases of S. aureus PVE, and 63 cases of viridans-streptococci-related PVE were available for analysis. There was no difference between the three groups with respect to the type of valve involved or the rate of embolization. However, heart failure was encountered more frequently with coagulase-negative staphylococci (54%) than with either S. aureus (33%; p=0.03) or viridans streptococci (32%; p=0.02). In addition, valvular abscesses complicated 39% of infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci compared with 22% of those due to S. aureus (p=0.06) and 6% of those due to viridans streptococci (p<0.001). Mortality was highest in patients with S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis (47 and 36%, respectively; p=0.22) and was considerably lower in patients with viridans streptococcal endocarditis (p=0.002 compared to patients with coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis). The results of this analysis demonstrate the aggressive nature of coagulase-negative staphylococcal PVE and the substantially greater morbidity and mortality associated with this infection compared to PVE caused by other pathogens.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gardchareon, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Anisotropic properties of spherical single crystals of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-delta
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 439:2, s. 85-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single crystals of La1.8Sr0.2CuO4-delta grown by the traveling solvent floating zone method have been ground to spherical shape for studies of anisotropic superconducting properties by SQUID magnetometry. At low enough temperatures and fields, the spheres are perfectly shielding (susceptibility -1.5 [SI]) and thus magnetically isotropic. The field dependence of the critical temperature, the transition width and the field expulsion well below T-c of the two crystals is detailed in this paper. The anisotropy of the first critical field when the applied field is parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystals amounts to about 3 and is within errorbars independent of temperature for both samples. Magnetization vs. field experiments along principal and intermediate field directions demonstrate the angular dependence of the hysteresis.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hans, Didier, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of the 10-year probability of osteoporotic hip fracture combining clinical risk factors and heel bone ultrasound: the EPISEM prospective cohort of 12,958 elderly women.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 23:7, s. 1045-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to develop a hip screening tool that combines relevant clinical risk factors (CRFs) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the heel to determine the 10-yr probability of hip fractures in elderly women. The EPISEM database, comprised of approximately 13,000 women 70 yr of age, was derived from two population-based white European cohorts in France and Switzerland. All women had baseline data on CRFs and a baseline measurement of the stiffness index (SI) derived from QUS at the heel. Women were followed prospectively to identify incident fractures. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the CRFs that contributed significantly to hip fracture risk, and these were used to generate a CRF score. Gradients of risk (GR; RR/SD change) and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated for the CRF score, SI, and a score combining both. The 10-yr probability of hip fracture was computed for the combined model. Three hundred seven hip fractures were observed over a mean follow-up of 3.2 yr. In addition to SI, significant CRFs for hip fracture were body mass index (BMI), history of fracture, an impaired chair test, history of a recent fall, current cigarette smoking, and diabetes mellitus. The average GR for hip fracture was 2.10 per SD with the combined SI + CRF score compared with a GR of 1.77 with SI alone and of 1.52 with the CRF score alone. Thus, the use of CRFs enhanced the predictive value of SI alone. For example, in a woman 80 yr of age, the presence of two to four CRFs increased the probability of hip fracture from 16.9% to 26.6% and from 52.6% to 70.5% for SI Z-scores of +2 and -3, respectively. The combined use of CRFs and QUS SI is a promising tool to assess hip fracture probability in elderly women, especially when access to DXA is limited.
|
|
| 5. |
- Katzgraber, H G, et al.
(författare)
-
Finite versus zero-temperature hysteretic behavior of spin glasses : Experiment and theory
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 76:9, s. 092408-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wepresent experimental results attempting to fingerprint nonanalyticities in the magnetizationcurves of spin glasses found by Katzgraber et al. [Phys. Rev.Lett. 89, 257202 (2002)] via zero-temperature Monte Carlo simulations ofthe Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass. Our results show that thesingularities at zero temperature due to the reversal-field memory effectare washed out by the finite temperatures of the experiments.The data are analyzed via the first order reversal curve(FORC) magnetic fingerprinting method. The experimental results are supported byMonte Carlo simulations of the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass atfinite temperatures which agree qualitatively very well with the experimentalresults. This suggests that the hysteretic behavior of real Isingspin-glass materials is well described by the Edwards-Anderson Ising spinglass. Furthermore, reversal-field memory is a purely zero-temperature effect.
|
|
| 6. |
- Miro, J M, et al.
(författare)
-
Staphylococcus aureus native valve infective endocarditis: report of 566 episodes from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 41:4, s. 507-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus native valve infective endocarditis (SA-NVIE) is not completely understood. The objective of this investigation was to describe the characteristics of a large, international cohort of patients with SA-NVIE. METHODS: The International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database (ICE-MD) is a combination of 7 existing electronic databases from 5 countries that contains data on 2212 cases of definite infective endocarditis (IE). RESULTS: Of patients with native valve IE, 566 patients [corrected] had IE due to S. aureus, and 1074 patients had IE due to pathogens other than S. aureus (non-SA-NVIE). Patients with S. aureus IE were more likely to die (20% vs. 12%; P < .001), to experience an embolic event (61% [corrected] vs. 31%; P < .001), or to have a central nervous system event (21% [corrected] vs. 13%; P < .001) and were less likely to undergo surgery (26% vs. 39%; P < .001) than were patients with non-SA-NVIE. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of mortality identified age (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.7), periannular abscess (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0 [corrected] -5.6), heart failure (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7), and absence of surgical therapy (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-4.2) as variables that were independently associated with mortality in patients with SA-NVIE. After adjusting for patient-, pathogen-, and treatment-specific characteristics by multivariate analysis, geographical region was also found to be associated with mortality in patients with SA-NVIE (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus is an important and common cause of IE. The outcome of SA-NVIE is worse than that of non-SA-NVIE. Several clinical parameters are independently associated with mortality for patients with SA-NVIE. The clinical characteristics and outcome of SA-NVIE vary significantly by geographic region, although the reasons for such regional variations in outcomes of SA-NVIE are unknown and are probably multifactorial. A large, prospective, multinational cohort study of patients with IE is now under way to further investigate these observations.
|
|
| 7. |
- Östh, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Aging and memory effects in a mechanically alloyed nanoparticle system
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 313:2, s. 373-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ageing and memory experiments have been performed to explore the non-equilibrium dynamics of the mechanically alloyed nanoparticle system Fe30Ag40W30, which comprises a heterogeneous ensemble of magnetic particles with average moment 102 μB dispersed in a metallic non-magnetic matrix. This system has earlier, from critical slowing down analysis, been reported to enter a spin glass like state at low temperatures [J. A. de Toro et al., Phys. Rev. B 69, (2004) 224407]. The wait time dependence of the magnetic relaxation observed after the application of a weak magnetic field and the memory of the thermal history in the low temperature phase recorded on continuous heating in a weak applied field show similar features as observed in corresponding experiments on canonical spin glasses.
|
|
