| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
-
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Fuchs, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Nanowire fin field effect transistors via UV-based nanoimprint lithography
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1071-1023 .- 1520-8567. ; 24:6, s. 2964-2967
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A triple step alignment process for UV nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) for the fabrication of nanoscale fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) is presented. An alignment accuracy is demonstrated between two functional layers of less than 20 nm (3 sigma). The electrical characterization of the FinFETs fabricated by a full NIL process demonstrates the potential of UV-NIL for future nanoelectronic devices.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Fuchs, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenotypic variation in a large Swedish pedigree due to SNCA duplication and triplication.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1526-632X .- 0028-3878. ; 68:12, s. 916-922
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The " Lister family complex," an extensive Swedish family with autosomal dominant Parkinson disease, was first described by Henry Mjones in 1949. On the basis of clinical, molecular, and genealogic findings on a Swedish and an American family branch, we provide genetic evidence that explains the parkinsonism in this extended pedigree. Methods: Clinical methods included a detailed neurologic exam of the proband of the Swedish family branch, MRI, and ([ 123] I) - beta - CIT SPECT imaging. Genomic analysis included alpha-synuclein sequencing, SNCA real-time PCR dosage, chromosome 4q21 microsatellite analysis, and high-resolution microarray genotyping. The geographic origin and ancestral genealogy of each pedigree were researched in the medical literature and Swedish Parish records. Results: The proband of the Swedish family branch presented with early dysautonomia followed by progressive parkinsonism suggestive of multiple system atrophy. Molecular analysis identified a genomic duplication of < 0.9 Mb encompassing alpha-synuclein and multimerin 1 ( SNCA- MMRN1), flanked by long interspersed repeat sequences ( LINE L1). Microsatellite variability within the genomic interval was identical to that previously described for a Swedish American family with an alpha- synuclein triplication. Subsequent genealogic investigation suggested that both kindreds are ancestrally related to the Lister family complex. Conclusion: Our findings extend clinical, genetic, and genealogical research on the Lister family complex. The genetic basis for familial parkinsonism is an SNCA- MMRN11 multiplication, but whereas SNCA- MMRN1 duplication in the Swedish proband ( Branch J) leads to late- onset autonomic dysfunction and parkinsonism, SNCA- MMRN1 triplication in the Swedish American family ( Branch I) leads to early- onset Parkinson disease and dementia.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fuchs, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical study of impinging jets with heat transfer-inlet conditions effects
- 2009
-
Ingår i: 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. - Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - 9781563479694 ; , s. 2009-1578-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflow conditions for time dependent flow configurations are of major importance for the developing flow field and mixing characteristics. The wall heat transfer rates for impinging jets may be significantly affected by perturbations at the jet nozzle. This effect, however, depends on the plate distance to nozzle spacing. For large enough distance to nozzle spacing the influence of the inlet conditions is less significant at the target plate. By applying active forcing at the velocity inlet the wall heat transfer at the impingement plate may be controlled. The forcing here is sinusoidal and it is applied only in the streamwise direction at the velocity inlet of a circular nozzle. The computations included a range of Reynolds numbers (4500 to 30 000) and a range of nozzle-to-plate spacings (0.5 to 12). Here, we consider mainly a case of Re = 20000 and plate distance of two jet diameters. The Turbulent flow and mixing is modeled using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The results are obtained on rather fine grids and some of the results are compared to relevant experimental data. The sensitivity of the results to inlet conditions shows that direct comparison with experimental results may not be easy or conclussive. However, the LES results agree well with the experimental ones, i.e. within the expected variations (due to uncertainties in inlet conditions) in the different results.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Klähn, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Modern compact star observations and the quark matter equation of state
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 654:5-6, s. 170-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a hybrid equation of state (EoS) for dense matter that satisfies phenomenological constraints from modern compact star (CS) observations which indicate high maximum masses (M = 2 Msun) and large radii (R> 12 km). The corresponding isospin symmetric EoS is consistent with flow data analyses of heavy-ion collisions and a deconfinement transition at approx. 0.55 fm-3. The quark matter phase is described by a 3-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model that accounts for scalar diquark condensation and vector meson interactions while the nuclear matter phase is obtained within the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach using the Bonn-A potential. We demonstrate that both pure neutron stars and neutron stars with quark matter cores (QCSs) are consistent with modern CS observations. Hybrid star configurations with a CFL quark core are unstable.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ross, Owen A., et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic investigation of alpha-synuclein multiplication and parkinsonism
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 63:6, s. 743-750
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Copy number variation is a common polymorphic phenomenon within the human genome. Although the majority of these events are non-deleterious they can also be highly pathogenic. Herein we characterize five families with parkinsonism that have been identified to harbor multiplication of the chromosomal 4q21 locus containing the a-synuclein gene (SNCA). Methods: A methodological approach using fluorescent in situ hybridization and Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) 250K SNP microarrays was used to characterize the multiplication in each family and to identify the genes encoded within the region. The telomeric and centromeric breakpoints of each family were further narrowed using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction with microsatellite markers and then screened for transposable repeat elements. Results: The severity of clinical presentation is correlated with SNCA dosage and does not appear to be overtly affected by the presence of other genes in the multiplicated region. With the exception of the Lister kindred, in each family the multiplication event appears de novo. The type and position of Alu/LINE repeats are also different at each breakpoint. Microsatellite analysis demonstrates two genomic mechanisms are responsible for chromosome 4q21 multiplications, including both SNCA duplication and recombination. Interpretation: SNCA dosage is responsible for parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, and dementia observed within each family. We hypothesize dysregulated expression of wild-type (alpha-synuclein results in parkinsonism and may explain the recent association of common SNCA variants in sporadic Parkinson's disease. SNCA genomic duplication results from intraallelic (segmental duplication) or interallelic recombination with unequal crossing over, whereas both mechanisms appear to be required for genomic SNCA triplication.
|
|
