| 1. |
- Fernandez, J. L. Abelleira, et al.
(författare)
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A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 39:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Yaghootkar, Hanieh, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomization studies do not support a causal role for reduced circulating adiponectin levels in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 62:10, s. 3589-3598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adiponectin is strongly inversely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but its causal role remains controversial. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to test the hypothesis that adiponectin causally influences insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We used genetic variants at the ADIPOQ gene as instruments to calculate a regression slope between adiponectin levels and metabolic traits (up to 31,000 individuals) and a combination of instrumental variables and summary statistics-based genetic risk scores to test the associations with gold-standard measures of insulin sensitivity (2,969 individuals) and type 2 diabetes (15,960 case subjects and 64,731 control subjects). In conventional regression analyses, a 1-SD decrease in adiponectin levels was correlated with a 0.31-SD (95% CI 0.26-0.35) increase in fasting insulin, a 0.34-SD (0.30-0.38) decrease in insulin sensitivity, and a type 2 diabetes odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 (1.47-2.13). The instrumental variable analysis revealed no evidence of a causal association between genetically lower circulating adiponectin and higher fasting insulin (0.02 SD; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.11; N = 29,771), nominal evidence of a causal relationship with lower insulin sensitivity (-0.20 SD; 95% CI -0.38 to -0.02; N = 1,860), and no evidence of a relationship with type 2 diabetes (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.75-1.19; N = 2,777 case subjects and 13,011 control subjects). Using the ADIPOQ summary statistics genetic risk scores, we found no evidence of an association between adiponectin-lowering alleles and insulin sensitivity (effect per weighted adiponectin-lowering allele: -0.03 SD; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.01; N = 2,969) or type 2 diabetes (OR per weighted adiponectin-lowering allele: 0.99; 95% CI 0.95-1.04; 15,960 case subjects vs. 64,731 control subjects). These results do not provide any consistent evidence that interventions aimed at increasing adiponectin levels will improve insulin sensitivity or risk of type 2 diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Ching, Yung-Hao, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution mapping and positional cloning of ENU-induced mutations in the Rw region of mouse chromosome 5
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2156. ; 11, s. 106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Forward genetic screens in mice provide an unbiased means to identify genes and other functional genetic elements in the genome. Previously, a large scale ENU mutagenesis screen was conducted to query the functional content of a similar to 50 Mb region of the mouse genome on proximal Chr 5. The majority of phenotypic mutants recovered were embryonic lethals. Results: We report the high resolution genetic mapping, complementation analyses, and positional cloning of mutations in the target region. The collection of identified alleles include several with known or presumed functions for which no mutant models have been reported (Tbc1d14, Nol14, Tyms, Cad, Fbxl5, Haus3), and mutations in genes we or others previously reported (Tapt1, Rest, Ugdh, Paxip1, Hmx1, Otoe, Nsun7). We also confirmed the causative nature of a homeotic mutation with a targeted allele, mapped a lethal mutation to a large gene desert, and localized a spermiogenesis mutation to a region in which no annotated genes have coding mutations. The mutation in Tbc1d14 provides the first implication of a critical developmental role for RAB-GAP-mediated protein transport in early embryogenesis. Conclusion: This collection of alleles contributes to the goal of assigning biological functions to all known genes, as well as identifying novel functional elements that would be missed by reverse genetic approaches.
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| 4. |
- Dadbakhsh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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Surface finish improvement of LMD samples using laser polishing
- 2010
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Ingår i: Virtual and Physical Prototyping. ; 5:4, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process used for repairing and fabricating metallic parts. One of the major drawbacks of this process is the relatively rough surface of the manufactured parts. In this work, surface polishing using laser for LMD parts was studied. Using the LMD process, a series of block samples of Inconel 718 were produced. The top surface of the samples was then laser scanned using combinations of parameters. The surface roughness of the samples was evaluated and subsequently, optimum process parameters set for laser polishing were predicted using analytical experimental design (DoE) software. The results showed the capability of a laser to improve the finishing surface of the LMD parts to about 2 mm Ra, which can be acceptable for many industrial applications. The relation of laser energy to final surface roughness was also studied, showing the strong dependency of surface finish on laser energy.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- han, Hao xue, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Heat Spreader Based on Few-Layer Graphene Intercalated With Silane-Functionalization Molecules
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE 20th International Workshop on Thermal Investigation of ICs and Systems (Therminic). Greenwich, London, United Kingdom, 24-26 September 2014. - 9781479954155 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the heat-spreading enhancement of supported few-layer graphene by inserting silane-functionalization molecules between graphene sheets. We calculated the overall thermal resistance of graphene-substrate interface and the in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene sheets by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We probed the spectral phonon transmission coefficient by non-equilibrium Green's function to characterize the local heat conduction through the interface. Our results show that the overal thermal resistance between the substrate graphene and the upper two-layer graphene underwent a three-fold increase by the presence of the molecules, while the local heat conduction from the hot spot to the graphene sheets through the molecules was largely intensified. Furthermore, the in-plane thermal conductivity of the few-layer graphene increased by 60% compared with the supported graphene non-bonded to the substrate through the molecules. This increase is attributed to the refrained cross-plane phonon scattering which in turn reinforces the in-plane heat conduction of the few-layer graphene. In summary, we proved that by inserting silane-functionalization molecules, the few-layer graphene becomes an ideal candidate for heat spreading by guiding heat more efficiently away from the heat source.
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| 7. |
- He, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based survey of the epidemiology of symptom-defined gastroesophageal reflux disease : the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in China
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - 1471-230X .- 1471-230X. ; 10, s. 94-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has yet to be investigated using the symptomatic threshold criteria recommended by the Montreal Definition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD across five regions of China, and to investigate variables associated with GERD. Methods: A representative sample of 18 000 adults (aged 18-80 years) were selected equally from rural and urban areas in each region (n = 1800). According to the Montreal Definition, GERD is present when mild symptoms of heartburn and/ or regurgitation occur on >= 2 days a week, or moderate-to-severe symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation occur on >= 1 day a week. Results: In total, 16 091 participants completed the survey (response rate: 89.4%) and 16 078 responses were suitable for analysis. Applying the Montreal criteria, the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD was 3.1% and varied significantly (p < 0.001) among the five regions (from 1.7% in Guangzhou to 5.1% in Wuhan) and between rural and urban populations (3.8% vs 2.4%). Factors significantly associated with GERD included living in a rural area and a family history of gastrointestinal diseases. Conclusions: This population-based survey found that the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD in China was 3.1%, which is lower than that found in Western countries.
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| 8. |
- Jie, L., et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the fleet size of a personal rapid transit system : A case study in port of Rotterdam
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). - : IEEE. - 9781424476572 ; , s. 301-305
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost issues have been an important concern in the development of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) since the concept was developed several decades ago. The lightweight, computer-guided electric vehicles operating the PRT system are generally a major part of the capital cost of the system, especially in larger network with high demand. A sufficient number of empty vehicles are needed to be moved to the stations where passengers are waiting or demand is expected. Generally a larger fleet size leads to a reduction in waiting time of passengers and thus a higher level of service given a specific demand, but an increased investment cost including capital cost per vehicle and additional operation and maintenance. So it requires a compromise between user cost (in terms of passenger waiting times) and operator cost (in terms of fleet sizedependent capital cost and operating/maintenance costs). There should be an optimal fleet size so that the sum of these two costs can be minimized while an expected level of service is achieved. This paper presents first the way to obtain the PRT demand, and then a prescription to determine the optimal fleet size using a cost-effectiveness analysis with traffic simulation. This prescription identifies the set of activities that are necessary to perform the optimization task. Each activity is regarded as a component in our general framework and this framework is illustrated by a case study in the Waal/ Eemshaven harbor area in the Port of Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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| 9. |
- Li, Cai, et al.
(författare)
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Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - 2047-217X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Penguins are flightless aquatic birds widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The distinctive morphological and physiological features of penguins allow them to live an aquatic life, and some of them have successfully adapted to the hostile environments in Antarctica. To study the phylogenetic and population history of penguins and the molecular basis of their adaptations to Antarctica, we sequenced the genomes of the two Antarctic dwelling penguin species, the Adelie penguin [Pygoscelis adeliae] and emperor penguin [Aptenodytes forsteri]. Results: Phylogenetic dating suggests that early penguins arose similar to 60 million years ago, coinciding with a period of global warming. Analysis of effective population sizes reveals that the two penguin species experienced population expansions from similar to 1 million years ago to similar to 100 thousand years ago, but responded differently to the climatic cooling of the last glacial period. Comparative genomic analyses with other available avian genomes identified molecular changes in genes related to epidermal structure, phototransduction, lipid metabolism, and forelimb morphology. Conclusions: Our sequencing and initial analyses of the first two penguin genomes provide insights into the timing of penguin origin, fluctuations in effective population sizes of the two penguin species over the past 10 million years, and the potential associations between these biological patterns and global climate change. The molecular changes compared with other avian genomes reflect both shared and diverse adaptations of the two penguin species to the Antarctic environment.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Tree-ring-based annual precipitation reconstruction in Kalaqin, Inner Mongolia for the last 238 years
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chinese Science Bulletin. ; 56:28-29, s. 2995-3002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tree-ring-width chronology of Pinus tabulaeformis from Kalaqin, Inner Mongolia was developed using modern dendrochronological techniques. Based on the results of correlation function analysis, the total precipitation from the previous August to current July was reconstructed for 1771–2008 AD with an explained variance of 49.3%. The reconstruction correlated well with the dryness/ wetness series derived from historical documents, as well as the precipitation reconstruction of the Chifeng-Weichang region. There were eight intervals with greater precipitation than the average (associated with the strong East Asian summer monsoon) and seven intervals lower than the average (weak monsoon). A power spectrum analysis showed that there were 120 a, 80 a, 8 a and 2 a periodicities.
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