| 1. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 3. |
- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 4. |
- Caballero-Pérez, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional landscapes of Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0012-1606 .- 1095-564X. ; 433:2, s. 227-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is the vertebrate model system with the highest regeneration capacity. Experimental tools established over the past 100 years have been fundamental to start unraveling the cellular and molecular basis of tissue and limb regeneration. In the absence of a reference genome for the Axolotl, transcriptomic analysis become fundamental to understand the genetic basis of regeneration.Here we present one of the most diverse transcriptomic data sets for Axolotl by profiling coding and non coding RNAs from diverse tissues. We reconstructed a population of 115,906 putative protein coding mRNAs as full ORFs (including isoforms). We also identified 352 conserved miRNAs and 297 novel putative mature miRNAs.Systematic enrichment analysis of gene expression allowed us to identify tissue-specific protein-coding transcripts. We also found putative novel and conserved microRNAs which potentially target mRNAs which are reported as important disease candidates in heart and liver.
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| 5. |
- Herrera Hidalgo, Carmen
(författare)
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On macrophage contributions to tissue homeostasis : New insights on pancreas development and healing of ischemic injury
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Besides providing host defence against innumerable threats, macrophages display additional key functions for preservation of tissue homeostasis. This thesis includes four studies that explore novel macrophage functions in both the development of islets of Langerhans and healing of ischemic injury in mice.The aim of Study I was to explore the involvement of pancreatic macrophages in postnatal islet development. We found that neonatal pancreas contained high density of macrophages. Neonatal infections reduced the number of pancreatic macrophages transiently and resulted in both impaired β cell maturation and associated long-standing glucose intolerance. Moreover, clodronate depletion of pancreatic macrophages in the neonate also resulted in long-standing impairment of glucose handling. Together, these results demonstrate that macrophages in the neonatal pancreas are important for maturation of islet function.We then wanted to understand how macrophages contribute to healing of ischemic injury based on the observation that they accumulate at perivascular positions following ischemia. We found that blood flow at the site of ischemia was regulated by perivascular macrophages in an iNOS-dependent manner, which could be targeted to increase tissue healing (Study II). Next, we investigated if these perivascular macrophages trans-differentiate into mural cells. By lineage tracing, we found that macrophages undergo a phenotype shift at the site of ischemic injury, as they down-regulated the expression of myeloid cell lineage markers (CD45/CX3CR1/CD11b) and upregulated the expression of the mural cell marker PDGFRβ (Study III). Lastly, we addressed if macrophages are involved in vascular remodelling important for tissue normalization by pruning excessive vessels at the site of injury. Indeed, MMR+-macrophages were found to support vessel pruning during vascular normalization at late phases of healing (Study IV).In conclusion, this thesis reveals novel functions of macrophages as they support postnatal maturation of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas, as well as restore blood flow and normalize the vasculature during healing of ischemic injuries. Together, the studies in this thesis contribute to illustrating the ample and diverse macrophage curriculum and how macrophage skills cooperate to ensure homeostasis.
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| 7. |
- Schmeer, Kammi K., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal resources and household food security : evidence from Nicaragua
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 18:16, s. 2915-2924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Women (especially mothers) are theorized as critical to reducing household food insecurity through their work and caregiver roles. The present study tests these assumptions, assessing how maternal economic and social resources are associated with food insecurity in households with young children. Design: Data from a population-based sample of households was collected in Leon, Nicaragua (n 443). Data include a newly validated measure of household food insecurity (ELCSA), maternal resource measures, and household economic status and demographics. Regression analysis tests the statistical associations (P<0.05) of maternal resources with household, adult-specific and child-specific food insecurity. Setting: Municipality of Leon, Nicaragua. Subjects: Households with children aged 3-11 years in rural and urban Leon. Results: Only 25 % of households with young children were food secure, with 50 % mildly food insecure and 25 % moderately/severely food insecure. When mothers contributed substantially to household income, the odds of moderate/severe household food insecurity were 34 % lower than when their spouse/partner was the main provider. The odds of food insecurity were 60 % lower when mothers managed household money, 48 % lower when mothers had a secondary (v. primary) education, 65 % higher among single mothers and 16 % lower with each indicator of social support. Results were similar for adult-and child-specific food insecurity. Conclusions: This research provides new evidence that maternal economic and social resources are important for reducing household food insecurity and adult- and child-specific food insecurity. Women's social status, social support and access to economic resources need to be enhanced as a part of policies aimed to reduce food insecurity in high-poverty settings.
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