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- Edvinsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibitory effect of BIBN4096BS, CGRP(8-37), a CGRP antibody and an RNA-Spiegelmer on CGRP induced vasodilatation in the perfused and non-perfused rat middle cerebral artery.
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 150:5, s. 633-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: A new concept for the inhibition of CGRP signalling has been developed by interaction with the CGRP molecule per se by using a CGRP antibody or a CGRP binding RNA-Spiegelmer (NOX-C89). We have compared these CGRP scavengers with two known receptor antagonists (CGRP8-37 and BIBN4096BS) on CGRP-induced relaxations in the rat middle cerebral artery (MCA). Furthermore, the role of the endothelial barrier has been studied. Experimental approach: We used the luminally perfused MCA in an arteriograph, pressurized to 85mm Hg and myograph studies of isolated ring segments of the MCA. Key results: In myograph studies and in the perfusion system during abluminal application, alpha CGRP and beta CGRP induced concentration-dependent dilatation of the MCA. Given luminally neither peptide was significantly vasodilator. Adrenomedullin and amylin induced weak dilatations. In myograph experiments, relaxation induced by a alpha CGRP was prevented by the four CGRP blockers (CGRP8-37, BIBN4096BS, the CGRP antibody and NOX-C89.). In abluminal perfusion experiments, the relaxant response to alpha CGRP was prevented by these agents to a varying degree. Dilatation induced by abluminal application of alpha CGRP was inhibited by luminal CGRP8-37 but not by luminal BIBN4096BS, CGRP antibody or NOX-C89. Conclusions and Implications: alpha or beta CGRP acted on smooth muscle cell CGRP receptors in rat MCA and were effectively prevented from reaching these receptors by the endothelial barrier. The CGRP blockers significantly inhibited alpha CGRP induced relaxation but were also prevented from reaching the CGRP receptors by the arterial endothelium.
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- Gustavsson, D J I, et al.
(författare)
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Operation for nitritation of sludge liquor in a full-scale SBR.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 58:2, s. 439-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At Sjölunda WWTP, a full-scale SBR for treatment of mesophilic sludge digester liquor has been operated almost a year with stable nitrite accumulation. Only nitritation of the sludge liquor is needed since the oxidized ammonium is denitrified in the first anoxic zone of the high-loaded activated sludge in the main plant. The process strategy was to have an ammonium set-point to end the aeration, a low DO concentration and a low pH set-point. An increase of pH set-point from 6.8 to 7.2 increased loss of alkalinity in the effluent and increased sodium hydroxide dosing. An increase of DO set-point from 1.1 mg O(2) L(-1) to 1.3 mg O(2) L(-1) markedly increased ammonia reduction rates and only slightly increased nitrate production. Today, an introduction of denitritation in the SBR will be a more cost-effective treatment of sludge liquor at Sjölunda WWTP. However, the choice of operation with only nitritation or nitritation/denitritation in sludge liquor treatment should always include a consideration of chemical costs and treatment capacity of both main plant and side-stream plant.
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- Jansen-Olesen, I, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trigeminal ganglion cells during culture
- 2005
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Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - 1742-7843. ; 97:6, s. 355-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule that has been suggested to be a key molecule for induction and maintenance of migraine attacks based on clinical studies, animal experimental studies and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immuno reactivity within the trigeminovascular system. Sensitisation of the trigeminal system including the trigeminal ganglia neurones is believed to be involved in the pathway leading to migraine pain. In the present study, the NOS expression in rat primary trigeminal ganglia neurones was examined at different time points using immuno-cytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. In trigeminal ganglia cells not subjected to culture, endothelial (e) and neuronal (n) but not inducible (i) NOS mRNA and protein were detected. Culture of rat neurotics resulted in a rapid axonal Outgrowth of NOS positive fibres. At 12, 24 and 48 hr of culture, NOS immunoreactivity was detected in medium-sized trigeminal ganglia cells. Western blotting and RT-PCR revealed an up-regulation of inducible iNOS expression during Culture. However, after Culture only low levels of eNOS protein was found while no eNOS and nNOS mRNA and protein could be detected. The data Suggest that iNOS expression may be a molecular mechanism mediating the adaptive response of trigeminal ganglia cells to the serum free stressful stimulus the Culture environment provides. It may act as a cellular signalling molecule that is expressed after cell activation.
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