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- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017 : Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 40:3, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all-cause and cause-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000-2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. Design and Methods. Alcohol-attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Results. In 2017, all-cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000-2017, absolute gender differences in all-cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. Discussion and Conclusions. The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
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| 2. |
- Cromhout, Pernille F, et al.
(författare)
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Supplementing prediction by EuroSCORE with social and patient-reported measures among patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiac surgery. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1540-8191 .- 0886-0440. ; 36:2, s. 509-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of poor outcomes is traditionally attributed to biological and physiological processes in cardiac surgery. However, evidence exists that other factors, such as emotional, behavioral, social, and functional, are predictive of poor outcomes. Objectives were to evaluate the predictive value of several emotional, social, functional, and behavioral factors on four outcomes: death within 90 days, prolonged stay in intensive care, prolonged hospital admission, and readmission within 90 days following cardiac surgery.This prospective study included adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2013-2014, including information on register-based socioeconomic factors and self-reported health in a nested subsample. Logistic regression analyses to determine the association and incremental value of each candidate predictor variable were conducted. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the incremental value of each candidate predictor variable, as well as discrimination and calibration based on the area under the curve (AUC) and Brier score.Of 3217 patients, 3% died, 9% had prolonged intensive care stay, 51% had prolonged hospital admission, and 39% were readmitted to hospital. Patients living alone (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.38), with lower educational levels (1.27; 1.04-1.54) and low health-related quality of life (1.43; 1.02-2.01) had prolonged hospital admission. Analyses revealed living alone as predictive of prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay (Brier, 0.08; AUC, 0.68), death (0.03; 0.71), and prolonged hospital admission (0.24; 0.62).Living alone was found to supplement EuroSCORE in predicting death, prolonged hospital admission, and prolonged ICU stay following cardiac surgery. Low educational level and impaired health-related quality of life were, furthermore, predictive of prolonged hospital admission.
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