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| 2. |
- Jostarndt, K, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociation of apoptosis induction and CD36 upregulation by enzymatically modified low-density lipoprotein in monocytic cells
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 290:3, s. 988-993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated as an initiating or amplifying factor in atherogenesis. Some of its biological activities, such as apoptosis induction and upregulation of the scavenger receptor CD36, appear to share common signaling pathways in cells of the cardiovascular system. Exposure of low-differentiated monocytic cells to LDL modified with 15-lipoxygenase and secretory phospholipase A(2) induced apoptosis and upregulated CD36. Cell treatment with constituents of modified LDL, such as 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), 25-hydroxycholesterol, and lysophosphatidyl choline, and with an unrelated apoptogen (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induced apoptosis. In contrast, only 13-HODE caused upregulation of CD36 expression. Cotreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor z.VAD-fmk resulted in suppression of apoptosis, but was without any effect on CD36 expression. These data indicate that in monocytic cells enzymatically modified LDL is capable of inducing both apoptosis and upregulation of CD36 expression. However, in our cellular model, the two induction processes appear to be causally unrelated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
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| 3. |
- Oldmixon, E. H., et al.
(författare)
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alpha-Actin : disposition, quantities, and estimated effects on lung recoil and compliance
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 91:1, s. 459-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the basis and implications of pneumoconstriction by measuring disposition and quantities of alpha -smooth muscle actin in rat and guinea pig lungs and modeling its effects on lung recoil and compliance. A robust marker of contractility, alpha -smooth muscle actin appears in smooth muscle or myofibroblast-like cells in pleura, airways, blood vessels, and alveolar ductal tissues. In each site, we measured its transected area by immunofluorescent staining and frequency-modulated scanning confocal microscopy. We incorporated these data in a model of the parenchyma consisting of an extensive elastic network with embedded contractile structures. We conclude that contraction at any one of these sites alone can decrease parenchymal compliance by 20-30% during tidal breathing. This is due mostly to the stiffness of activated contractile elements undergoing passive cycling; constant muscle tension would have little effect. The magnitude of the effect corresponds with known responses of the lung to hypocapnia, consistent with a homeostatic function in which gas exchange is defended by redistributing ventilation away from overventilated units.
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| 6. |
- Verdes, C., et al.
(författare)
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Pointing and temperature retrieval from millimeter-submillimeter limb soundings
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 107:16, s. 4299-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive microwave limb sounding instruments like the Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS) or the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observe dedicated oxygen lines for the derivation of temperature and pointing information, since these quantities are essential for the quality of the retrieval of the trace gas mixing ratio. Emission lines of oxygen are chosen because the volume mixing ratio (VMR) profile is known. In this paper, we demonstrate the capabilities of a new and innovative method by means of which accurate temperature and pointing information can be gathered from other strong spectral features like ozone lines, without including accurate knowledge of the VMR profile of these species. For this purpose, retrievals from two observation bands with a bandwidth of about 10 GHz each, one including an oxygen line, have been compared. A full error analysis was performed with respect to critical instrument and model parameters, such as uncertainties in the antenna pattern, calibration uncertainties, random pointing error, baseline ripples, baseline discontinuities, and spectroscopic parameters. The applied inversion algorithm was the optimal estimation method. For the selected scenario and instrumental specifications we find that the retrieval of a pointing offset and the atmospheric temperature profile can be achieved with a good accuracy. The retrieval precision of the pointing offset is better than 24 m. The retrieval precision of the temperature profile is better than 2 K for altitudes ranging from 10 to 40 km. Systematic errors (due to model parameter uncertainties) are somewhat larger than these purely statistical errors. Investigations carried out for different atmospheric states or different instrumental specifications show similar results.
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