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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Kozarcanin, Huda, et al.
(författare)
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The lectin complement pathway serine proteases (MASPs) represent a possible crossroad between the coagulation and complement systems in thromboinflammation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 14:3, s. 531-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lectin pathway's MASP-1/2 activates coagulation factors but the trigger of the activation is unknown. MASP-1/2 activation was assessed by quantifying complexes between MASPs and antithrombin/C1-inhibitor. Activated platelets and fibrin were demonstrated to activate MASP-1 and MASP-2 both invitro and invivo. These findings may represent a crossroad between the complement and the coagulation systems. Summary Background The activated forms of the complement lectin pathway (LP) proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 are able to cleave the coagulation factors prothrombin, fibrinogen, factor XIII and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor invitro. In vivo studies also show that MASP-1 is involved in thrombogenesis. Objectives To clarify the not yet identified mechanisms involved in triggering activation of the LP during thrombotic reactions. Methods Novel sandwich-ELISAs for detection of complexes between MASP-1 or MASP-2 and the serpins C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) or antithrombin (AT), were used to specifically detect and quantify the activated forms of MASP-1 and MASP-2. Results Activated platelets were shown by flow cytometry to bind Ficolin-1, -2 and -3 but not MBL, which was associated with activation of MASP-1 and MASP-2. We also demonstrated that fibrin and the plasmin-generated fibrin fragment DD in plasma, bind and activate MASP-1 and MASP-2. As demonstrated by the ELISA and SDS-PAGE/Western blotting, the fibrin-associated activation was reflected in a specific inactivation by AT during clotting without the assistance of heparin. In all other cases the MASPs were, as previously reported, inactivated by C1-INH. In systemic lupus erythematosus patients with thrombotic disease and in polytrauma patients, the levels of activated MASP-1 and MASP-2 in complex with both AT and C1-INH were associated with markers of thrombotic disease and contact/coagulation system activation. Conclusions MASP-1 and MASP-2 are activated during blood clotting. This activation is triggered by activated platelets and by the generation of fibrin during thrombotic reactions invitro and invivo, and may represent a novel activation/amplification mechanism in thromboinflammation.
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- Wikberg-Nilsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Tillgänglighetsdesign för stadens utveckling
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det offentliga rummet: stadens gator, parker, byggnader och torg likväl som den kultur och sociala kontext som en viss stad har, skulle kunna utformas för att vara tillgängligt, användbart, inkluderande, attraktivt och välgörande för människan i betydligt större utsträckning än vad som görs idag. Troligtvis är det inte medveten diskriminering som ligger bakom mindre god design av det offentliga rummet, utan snarare okunskap om vad som kan och behöver göras. Fram tills dess människor befinner sig i en situation där de på något sätt själva är hindrade från att delta på lika villkor är det svårt att inse hur mycket det offentliga rummet påverkar oss. Det kan vara mindre hinder i form av ojämnt underlag som gör det svårt att ta sig fram för vissa, medan det omöjliggör framfart för andra. Det kan vara miljöer som vissa upplever som “vanliga” medan andra upplever sig djupt otrygga eller utestängda från desamma. Med andra ord är det offentliga rummets utrymmen där vi lever, jobbar och leker knutna till vart vi går och vad vi gör eller vart vi inte går eller gör. Av den anledningen anser vi att det finns behov av att utveckla konkreta metoder och handgripliga råd för att arbeta med mer medveten utformning av fysisk miljö: tillgänglighetsdesign. Tillgänglighetsdesign används här genomgående som ett brett begrepp för design av lösningar som upplevs trygga, användbara, inkluderande, attraktiva och välgörande. Vi utgår från en designpraktik som stödjer tanken att miljön måste vara tillgänglig för alla grupper i samhället. I det förstudieprojekt som beskrivs i kommande kapitel har av den anledningen en kartläggning skett med utgångspunkt i ett helhetsgrepp på tillgänglighetsdesign, det vill säga att motverka diskriminering och främja lika rättighter och möjligheter oavsett kön, könsöverskridande identitet eller uttryck, etnisk tillhörighet, religion eller annan trosuppfattning, funktionsnedsättning, sexuell läggning eller ålder. Förstudien har omfattat kartläggning av normkritiska perspektiv, lagar och riktlinjer kring fysisk tillgänglighet, social hållbarhet och tillgänglighet, universell och inkluderande design, samt inhämtning av inspiration från arkitektur, form och designområdet. Det har även omfattat identifiering av goda exempel från runt om i landet på vad tillgänglighetsdesign i bred bemärkelse kan omfatta och intervjuer med personer som arbetat med detta. Vi vill rikta ett stort tack till er som bidragit till arbetet. Vår avsikt är att de principer som utformats i förstudien för tillgänglighetsdesign ska diskuteras, användas och uppdateras vid all stadsutveckling. På så sätt kan vi åstadkomma ett helhetsgrepp på tillgänglighetsdesign och åstadkomma socialt hållbara, attraktiva och tillgängliga platser och miljöer runt om i landet.
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- Beijer, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between physical activity and television time on blood pressure level : cross-sectional data from 45000 individuals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 36:5, s. 1041-1050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:The aim was to investigate if there is an interaction between sitting time and leisure time physical activity on blood pressure and if there are age differences and sex differences in this respect.Methods:Linear regression analysis on cross-sectional data was performed in more than 45000 men and women from two Swedish cohort studies, EpiHealth (45-75 years) and LifeGene (18-45 years). Self-reported leisure time physical activity was given in five levels from low (level 1) to vigorous physical activity (level 5) and television time was used as a proxy measure of sitting time.Results:High physical activity was associated with lower DBP (P=0.001), but not SBP. Active middle-aged men had lower DBP (-1.1mmHg; 95% CI -1.7 to -0.4) compared with inactive participants. Prolonged television time was associated with higher SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P=0.011) in both sexes and in most age groups. Watching 3h instead of 1h television per day was associated with higher SBP in middle-aged women (SBP: 1.1mmHg; 95% CI 0.7-1.4) and men (SBP: 1.2mmHg; 95% CI 0.8-1.6). Only in young men, a high physical activity (level 4 instead of level 1) could compensate for a prolonged television time (3h per day) in terms of DBP.Conclusion:Prolonged television time was associated with higher SBP and DBP in both sexes and at most ages, whereas an increased physical activity was mainly associated with a lower DBP. Only in young men, a high physical activity could compensate for prolonged television time regarding DBP.
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| 8. |
- Beijer, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity may compensate for prolonged TV time regarding pulse rate-a cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 123:4, s. 247-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Regular exercise reduces pulse rate, but it is less clear how prolonged sitting time affects pulse rate. Our hypothesis was that high physical activity could compensate for prolonged sitting time regarding the pulse rate.Methods: Regression analysis was performed on cross-sectional data including 47,457 men and women based on two Swedish cohort studies, EpiHealth (18–45 years) and LifeGene (45–75 years). Self-reported leisure time physical activity was given in five levels, from low (level 1) to vigorous (level 5), and television time was used as a proxy of sitting time.Results: A higher physical activity (level 4 compared to level 1) was associated with a lower pulse rate in middle-aged females (-2.7 beats per minute [bpm]; 95% CI -3.3 to -2.2) and males (-4.0 bpm; 95% CI -4.7 to -3.4). The relationship between physical activity and pulse rate was strongest in the young. A prolonged television time (3 h compared to 1 h per day) was associated with a slightly higher pulse rate in middle-aged females (+0.6 bpm; 95% CI +0.3 to +0.8) and males (+0.9 bpm; 95% CI +0.7 to +1.2). Among participants with a prolonged television time (3 h), those with a high physical activity (level 4) had a lower pulse rate compared to those with a low physical activity (level 1).Conclusions: A prolonged television time was associated with a high pulse rate, while high physical activity was associated with a low pulse rate. The results suggest that a high physical activity could compensate for a prolonged television time regarding pulse rate.
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| 9. |
- Birse, Kenzie D., et al.
(författare)
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Genital Injury Signatures and Microbiome Alterations Associated With Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Usage and Intravaginal Drying Practices
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 215:4, s. 590-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Increasing evidence suggests depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and intravaginal practices may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection risk; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study evaluated the effect of DMPA and intravaginal practices on the genital proteome and microbiome to gain mechanistic insights. Methods. Cervicovaginal secretions from 86 Kenyan women, including self-reported DMPA users (n = 23), nonhormonal contraceptive users (n = 63), and women who practice vaginal drying (n = 46), were analyzed using tandem-mass spectrometry. Results. We identified 473 human and 486 bacterial proteins from 18 different genera. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use associated with increased hemoglobin and immune activation (HBD, HBB, IL36G), and decreased epithelial repair proteins (TFF3, F11R). Vaginal drying associated with increased hemoglobin and decreased phagocytosis factors (AZU1, MYH9, PLAUR). Injury signatures were exacerbated in DMPA users who also practiced vaginal drying. More diverse (H index: 0.71 vs 0.45; P =.009) bacterial communities containing Gardnerella vaginalis associated with vaginal drying, whereas DMPA showed no significant association with community composition or diversity. Conclusions. These findings provide new insights into the impact of DMPA and vaginal drying on mucosal barriers. Future investigations are needed to confirm their relationship with HIV risk in women.
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| 10. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Updating Winter: The Importance Of Climate-Sensitive Urban Design For Winter Settlements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arctic Yearbook. - : Northern Research Forum ; University of the Arctic Thematic Network (TN) on Geopolitics and Security. - 2298-2418.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores winter settlement urban design principles to begin to identify climate related conditions that are affecting soft mobility (walking and cycling) in these communities.Winter communities have evolved lifestyles and means that fit with working and living with local conditions and seasonal variations. With climate change, however, comes evolving weather’s that these communities need to adapt too. These changes may present new risks and unexpected challenges to outdoor soft mobility in the community.Public policy highlights physical inactivity as a major health concern. For these communities, winter has always limited outdoor soft-mobility. Here, we understand that in winter outdoor activity can be reduced by weather and fear of accidents.People’s understanding of the barriers and enablers to soft mobility are also often based on experience and ability to detect environmental clues. To help winter communities maximise the opportunities for outdoor soft mobility and the wellbeing benefits this can bring, built environments need to be designed with an understanding of climate change. This study explores barriers and enablers to soft mobility in winter and discusses them in light of climate change and human wellbeing. It is argued that established principles of urban design may require re-evaluation if we want to increase outdoor soft mobility in winter. Increases in physical activity could help reduce costs and pressures on health services by creating safer and more walkable communities. The paper concludes by suggesting that communities should focus on more context based winter urban design principles that account for ongoing climate change.
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