| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Eliasson, JH, et al.
(författare)
-
The prevalence of hypnic headache in Iceland
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-2982. ; 40:8, s. 863-865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the prevalence of hypnic headache. Background The exact prevalence of hypnic headache is unknown since there are no published population-based prevalence studies. Methods This study was a pilot for the SAGA cohort study, a population-based study on life stressors and various indices of health. Of 1398 invited adults, 921 (66%) participated; 402 men (average age 45.6 years, SD 13.2) and 519 women (52.6 years, SD 11.1). Subjects answered a headache questionnaire including a screening question for hypnic headache. “Do you have a headache that occurs only during sleep and causes wakening?”. Diagnosis of hypnic headache was made by clinical interview using ICHD-3 criteria. Results Among 921 participants, six screened positive for hypnic headache, of those two 0.22% (95% CI 0.06–0.79%) had probable hypnic headache and none had definite hypnic headache. Conclusion Confirming that hypnic headache is rare, these data suggest a 0.22% prevalence of probable hypnic headache.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Newby, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative effect of metformin versus sulfonylureas with dementia and Parkinson's disease risk in US patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ open diabetes research & care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 10:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for dementia and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Drug treatments for diabetes, such as metformin, could be used as novel treatments for these neurological conditions. Using electronic health records from the USA (OPTUM EHR) we aimed to assess the association of metformin with all-cause dementia, dementia subtypes and PD compared with sulfonylureas.Research design and methodsA new user comparator study design was conducted in patients ≥50 years old with diabetes who were new users of metformin or sulfonylureas between 2006 and 2018. Primary outcomes were all-cause dementia and PD. Secondary outcomes were Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to estimate the HRs. Subanalyses included stratification by age, race, renal function, and glycemic control.ResultsWe identified 96 140 and 16 451 new users of metformin and sulfonylureas, respectively. Mean age was 66.4±8.2 years (48% male, 83% Caucasian). Over the 5-year follow-up, 3207 patients developed all-cause dementia (2256 (2.3%) metformin, 951 (5.8%) sulfonylurea users) and 760 patients developed PD (625 (0.7%) metformin, 135 (0.8%) sulfonylurea users). After IPTW, HRs for all-cause dementia and PD were 0.80 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.88) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.28). HRs for AD, VD and MCI were 0.81 (0.70–0.94), 0.79 (0.63–1.00) and 0.91 (0.79–1.04). Stronger associations were observed in patients who were younger (<75 years old), Caucasian, and with moderate renal function.ConclusionsMetformin users compared with sulfonylurea users were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, AD and VD but not with PD or MCI. Age and renal function modified risk reduction. Our findings support the hypothesis that metformin provides more neuroprotection for dementia than sulfonylureas but not for PD, but further work is required to assess causality.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
