| 1. |
- Bamia, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Coffee, tea and decaffeinated coffee in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population: Multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 136, s. 1899-1908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2014 UICC. Inverse associations of coffee and/or tea in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been consistently identified in studies conducted mostly in Asia where consumption patterns of such beverages differ from Europe. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), we identified 201 HCC cases among 486,799 men/women, after a median follow-up of 11 years. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence in relation to quintiles/categories of coffee/tea intakes. We found that increased coffee and tea intakes were consistently associated with lower HCC risk. The inverse associations were substantial, monotonic and statistically significant. Coffee consumers in the highest compared to the lowest quintile had lower HCC risk by 72% [HR: 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.16-0.50, p-trend < 0.001]. The corresponding association of tea with HCC risk was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.22-0.78, p-trend50.003). There was no compelling evidence of heterogeneity of these associations across strata of important HCC risk factors, including hepatitis B or hepatitis C status (available in a nested case-control study). The inverse, monotonic associations of coffee intake with HCC were apparent for caffeinated (p-trend50.009), but not decaffeinated (p-trend50.45) coffee for which, however, data were available for a fraction of subjects. Results from this multicentre, European cohort study strengthen the existing evidence regarding the inverse association between coffee/tea and HCC risk. Given the apparent lack of heterogeneity of these associations by HCC risk factors and that coffee/tea are universal exposures, our results could have important implications for high HCC risk subjects.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Jessica, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur kan kollektivtrafiken bidra tilltillgänglighet och social rättvisa? : En studie av mobilitetsstrategier i socialt utsatta områden
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten bygger på en studie av mobilitetsstrategier hos personer i stadsdelarna Angered, Hammarkullen och Lövgärdet i Göteborg samt områdena Hallunda/Norsborg, Alby och Fittja i norra delarna av Botkyrka kommun utanför Stockholm. Det är urbana områden som anses vara socialt utsatta och som bland annat känneteckas av låg socioekonomisk status och kriminell inverkan. De som bor där reser mindre och äger bil i mindre utsträckning än personer som bor i andra urbana områden. Syftet med studien var dels att studera mobilitets strategier hos människor som bor, arbetar eller har aktiviteter i de studerade områdena, med ett särskilt fokus på hur kollektivtrafiken upplevs, används och kan tillgodose mobilitetsbehov, dels att tillhandahålla planeringsunderlag för att kollektivtrafiken i svenska städer ska kunna bidra till tillgänglighet och ett socialt rättvist transportsystem.Studiens viktigaste slutsatser är följande:Låg inkomst, låg utbildning och bristande kunskaper i det svenska språket är faktorer som hör ihop med socialt utsatta områdens karaktär och som gör det svårt att ta körkort,skaffa bil eller flytta närmare jobb och skola. En väl fungerade kollektivtrafik är därför en viktig resurs för delaktighet och integrering i samhället.För resenärer med begränsade ekonomiska resurser kan både enkel- och månadsbiljetter i kollektivtrafiken vara dyra att köpa.För de som arbetar kvällar, nätter och helger, och för de som arbetar på avsides belägna arbetsplatser, kan pendling med kollektivtrafiken utgöra en utmaning.Förutom avstånd till kollektivtrafiken är faktorer som geografi, topografi, väder, väglag,mörker och ljus, upplevd trygghet och parkeringsmöjligheter för cykel och bil avgörande för hur tillgänglig kollektivtrafiken är.Kollektivt resande betraktas av många som mindre attraktivt än att resa med bil och det tycks finnas en utbredd skjutskultur i de områden som den här studien behandlar.En dokumentanalys visar att regionala styrdokument som reglerar kollektivtrafikplaneringen fokuserar på yrkesarbetandes pendling, studenters pendling och på att uppfylla funktionsnedsatta resenärers behov.
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| 3. |
- Björk, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the prevalence and variance of cognitive impairment, pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms and ADL dependency among persons living in nursing homes : a cross-sectional study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Earlier studies in nursing homes show a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), pain, and neuropsychiatric symptoms among residents. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of the above among residents in a nationally representative sample of Swedish nursing homes, and to investigate whether pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms differ in relation to gender, cognitive function, ADL-capacity, type of nursing-home unit and length of stay. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 188 randomly selected nursing homes were collected. A total of 4831 residents were assessed for cognitive and ADL function, pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. Results: The results show the following: the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 67 %, 56 % of residents were ADL-dependent, 48 % exhibited pain and 92 % exhibited neuropsychiatric symptoms. The prevalence of pain did not differ significantly between male and female residents, but pain was more prevalent among cognitively impaired and ADL-dependent residents. Pain prevalence was not significantly different between residents in special care units for people with dementia (SCU) and general units, or between shorter-and longer-stay residents. Furthermore, the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms did not differ significantly between male and female residents, between ADL capacities or in relation to length of stay. However, residents with cognitive impairment and residents in SCUs had a significantly higher prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms than residents without cognitive impairment and residents in general units. Conclusions: The prevalence rates ascertained in this study could contribute to a greater understanding of the needs of nursing-home residents, and may provide nursing home staff and managers with trustworthy assessment scales and benchmark values for further quality assessment purposes, clinical development work and initiating future nursing assessments.
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| 4. |
- Björk, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Residents' engagement in everyday activities and its association with thriving in nursing homes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 73:8, s. 1884-1895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe the prevalence of everyday activity engagement for older people in nursing homes and the extent to which engagement in everyday activities is associated with thriving.Background: Research into residents’ engagement in everyday activities in nursing homes has focused primarily on associations with quality of life and prevention and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, the mere absence of symptoms does not necessarily guarantee experiences of well-being. The concept of thriving encapsulates and explores experiences of well-being in relation to the place where a person lives.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Method: A national survey of 172 Swedish nursing homes (2013–2014). Resident (n = 4831) symptoms, activities and thriving were assessed by staff using a study survey based on established questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple linear regression, and linear stepwise multiple regression were performed.Results: The most commonly occurring everyday activities were receiving hugs and physical touch, talking to relatives/friends and receiving visitors, having conversation with staff not related to care and grooming. The least commonly occurring everyday activities were going to the cinema, participating in an educational program, visiting a restaurant and doing everyday chores. Positive associations were found between activity engagement and thriving, where engagement in an activity program, dressing nicely and spending time with someone the resident likes had the strongest positive association with resident thriving.Conclusions: Engagement in everyday activities can support personhood and thriving and can be conceptualized and implemented as nursing interventions to enable residents to thrive in nursing homes.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Jiaqi, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic corpus atrophic gastritis and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort : A nested case-control study
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 140:8, s. 1727-1735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk remains controversial. We conducted a nested case-control study with 448 pancreatic cancer cases and their individually matched control subjects, based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, to determine whether there was an altered pancreatic cancer risk associated with H. pylori infection and chronic corpus atrophic gastritis. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for matching factors and other potential confounders. Our results showed that pancreatic cancer risk was neither associated with H. pylori seropositivity (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.31) nor CagA seropositivity (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.48). We also did not find any excess risk among individuals seropositive for H. pylori but seronegative for CagA, compared with the group seronegative for both antibodies (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.38). However, we found that chronic corpus atrophic gastritis was non-significantly associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.77, 2.37), and although based on small numbers, the excess risk was particularly marked among individuals seronegative for both H. pylori and CagA (OR = 5.66; 95% CI: 1.59, 20.19, p value for interaction < 0.01). Our findings provided evidence supporting the null association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk in western European populations. However, the suggested association between chronic corpus atrophic gastritis and pancreatic cancer risk warrants independent verification in future studies, and, if confirmed, further studies on the underlying mechanisms.
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| 6. |
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Integrating Gender into Transport Planning : From One to Many Tracks
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This edited collection brings together feminist research on transport and planning from different epistemologies, with the intention to contribute to a more holistic transport planning practice. With a feminist perspective on transport policy and planning, the volume insists on the political character of transport planning and policy, and challenges gender-blindness in a policy area that impacts the everyday lives of women, men, girls, and boys. The chapters discuss everyday mobility as an embodied and situated activity in both conceptual and theoretical ways and suggest practical tools for change. The contributions of this collection are threefold: integrating gender research and transport planning, combining quantitative and qualitative gender research perspectives and methods, and highlighting the need to acknowledge the politicization of transport planning and transport practice.
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| 7. |
- Joelsson, Tanja, Senior Lecturer, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The political in transportation and mobility : Toward a feminist analysis of everyday mobility and transport planning
- 2019
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Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning<em></em>. - Basingstoke & New York : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050429 - 9783030050412 ; , s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transport and mobility are integrated everyday activities in people’s lives. Transport research and planning has been characterized by utilitarian, rationalistic and quantitative epistemologies. Also, for long time transport planning research has been gender coded as masculine. In this collection we show the importance of combining methodologies and that ‘numbers’ is useful when addressing issues of power and gender equality but also that qualitative and critical epistemologies bring important and necessary knowledge to the transport planning research field. This collection is a contribution to the research field of transport planning, representing a plurality of epistemologies – but with one important common denominator: transport planning as inheritably political practice and that transport planning research has to acknowledge the diversity of social positions when planning for equity and accessibility.
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| 8. |
- Joelsson, Tanja, Senior Lecturer, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a feminist transport and mobility future : from one to many tracks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning<em> </em>. - Basingstoke & New York : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050429
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most countries, transport is considered as the backbone of economic development and growth. The neoliberal discourse on growth, advocating market-oriented planning and decision making, influence transport planning and policy. Transport planning and policy making are political arenas where power relations, different interests and redistribution of resources are played out albeit these processes are seldom acknowledged and recognized. Women’s and men’s different mobilities have revealed the gendered conditions of everyday life, and new perspectives on transport have developed based on critical and feminist epistemologies. The concluding chapter of the collection furthers the debate by discussing these matters in relation to social inequality in transportation and mobility justice. It is in the tensions and public arguments revolving around transport planning investments that questions of justice and fairness in relation to power relations between different socio-economic groups, men and women, girls and boys, and corporate interests can be discussed and transformed. The way forward is to integrate the different conditions for different people depending on gender, age, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, geographical location etc into transport planning. The transition toward more sustainable and gender equal transport systems is foremost a structural question. By stressing on the politicalness of transport policy and planning, we are countering individualistic paradigms where the responsibility of sustainability and equality is placed solely on the individual’s practices. This is also what the title alludes to; the ambition to move from one track to many tracks.
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| 9. |
- Joelsson, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Feminist Transport and Mobility Future : From One to Many Tracks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050412 - 9783030050429 ; , s. 271-282
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This edited collection brings together feminist research on transport and planning from different epistemologies, with the intention to contribute to a more holistic transport planning practice. With a feminist perspective on transport policy and planning, the volume insists on the political character of transport planning and policy, and challenges gender-blindness in a policy area that impacts the everyday lives of women, men, girls, and boys. The chapters discuss everyday mobility as an embodied and situated activity in both conceptual and theoretical ways and suggest practical tools for change. The contributions of this collection are threefold: integrating gender research and transport planning, combining quantitative and qualitative gender research perspectives and methods, and highlighting the need to acknowledge the politicization of transport planning and transport practice.
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| 10. |
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