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- Chiu, D T, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical transformations in individual ultrasmall biomimetic containers
- 1999
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Ingår i: Science. - Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Pomona Coll, Dept Chem, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 283:5409, s. 1892-1895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individual phospholipid vesicles, 1 to 5 micrometers in diameter, containing a single reagent or a complete reaction system, were immobilized with an infrared laser optical trap or by adhesion to modified borosilicate glass surfaces. Chemical transformations were initiated either by electroporation or by electrofusion, in each case through application of a short (10-microsecond), intense (20 to 50 kilovolts per centimeter) electric pulse delivered across ultramicroelectrodes. Product formation was monitored by far-field laser fluorescence microscopy. The ultrasmall characteristic of this reaction volume led to rapid diffusional mixing that permits the study of fast chemical kinetics. This technique is also well suited for the study of reaction dynamics of biological molecules within lipid-enclosed nanoenvironments that mimic cell membranes.
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| 2. |
- López-Puertas, M., et al.
(författare)
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Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium limb radiances for the mipas instrument on Envisat-1
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 59:3-5, s. 377-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An evaluation of the effects that the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) has on the retrieval of pressure, temperature and the five primary target gases (O3, H2O, CH4, N2O, and HNO3) from spectra to be taken by Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on the Envisat-1 platform has been conducted. For doing so, non-LTE and LTE limb radiances in the spectral range of 680–2275 cm−1 (4.15–14.6 μm) with a resolution of 0.05 cm−1 at tangent heights from 10 to 70 km have been computed. These calculations included the most updated non-LTE populations of a large number of vibrational levels of the CO2, O3, H2O, CH4, N2O and HNO3 molecules which cause the most prominent atmospheric infrared emissions. A discussion of the most important non-LTE effects on the limb radiances as well as on the retrievals of pressure-temperature and volume mixing ratios of O3, H2O, CH4, N2O, and HNO3 is presented, together with the most important non-LTE issues that could be studied with the future coming of MIPAS data.
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| 7. |
- Gobl, Anders E, et al.
(författare)
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Menin represses JunD-activated transcription by a histone deacetylase-dependent mechanism
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434. ; 1447:1, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) tumor suppressor gene was cloned. MEN-1 encodes a nuclear protein, called menin, of hitherto unknown function. In order to investigate the biological function of menin we employed the yeast two-hybrid system to identify menin-interacting proteins. Here we report that menin functions as a transcriptional repressor through interaction with the transcription factor JunD. The interaction is mediated via the N-terminal transcription activation domain of JunD, and the C-terminal part of menin. In transient co-transfection experiments, expression of menin leads to specific repression of JunD transcriptional activity, which is dependent on the integrity of the menin C-terminal region. C-Terminal truncations of the protein not only abolish repression, but increase JunD transcriptional activity, implying the existence of a functional domain separate from the JunD-binding region. Menin-mediated repression is relieved by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, indicating that deacetylation of histones is an essential component of this repression mechanism, as has recently been demonstrated for the retinoblastoma protein. Missense, in-frame deletions, frameshift and nonsense mutations lead to inactivation of menin or possibly to truncated proteins. This would result in loss of repression of menin/JunD target genes, as well as non-target genes through indirect mechanisms, deregulation of cellular growth control and endocrine tumorigenesis.
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| 9. |
- Manuilova, R.O., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of non-LTE limb spectra of i.r. ozone bands for the MIPAS space experiment
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 59:3-5, s. 405-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new model for calculating the populations of the ozone vibrational states under non-LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) conditions is presented. In the model, 23 vibrational levels of the O3 molecule, as well as three vibrational levels of the O2 molecule and two vibrational levels of the N2 molecule, are considered. The radiative transfer at the break-down of LTE was treated explicitly for 150 000 ro-vibrational transitions. The populations obtained were used to calculate limb radiances in various spectral regions of the 4.8 and 9.6 μm bands. Test retrievals of O3 vertical volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles with a radiance model disregarding non-LTE were performed in order to assess the potential impact of non-LTE effects on the retrieval of the O3 abundances from MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) measurements.
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