| 1. |
- Marlid, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and risk of coeliac disease in offspring : a cohort study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-230X .- 1471-230X. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The infant microbiota may play a pathogenic role in coeliac disease (CD). Antibiotic treatment in pregnancy is common and could significantly impact the infant microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and CD in offspring.Methods: Prospective questionnaire data on antibiotic exposure in pregnancy were available in 8729 children participating in the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort study, and of these 46 developed CD until December 2006. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for CD in the offspring among mothers exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy, with adjustment for parent-reported diary data on breastfeeding, age at gluten introduction and number of infections in the child's first year of life.Results: Of the 1836 children exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy, 12 (0.7%) children developed CD as compared with 34/6893 (0.5%) unexposed children (HR = 1.33; 95% Cl = 0.69-2.56). Risk estimates remained unchanged after adjustment for breastfeeding, age at gluten introduction and infection load in the child's first year of life (HR = 1.28; 95% Cl = 0.66-2.48).Conclusions: We found no statistically significant association between antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and CD in offspring. This lack of association may either be true or the result of limited statistical power.
|
|
| 2. |
- Mollazadegan, Kaziwe, et al.
(författare)
-
A Population-Based Study of the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - Alexandria, USA : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 36:2, s. 316-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Celiac disease (CD) is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the current study, we examined whether CD affects the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DRP) in patients with T1D.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a population-based cohort study. Through the Swedish National Patient Register, we identified 41,566 patients diagnosed with diabetes in 1964–2009 and who were ≤30 years of age at diagnosis. CD was defined as having villous atrophy (Marsh stage 3) according to small intestinal biopsies performed between 1969 and 2008, with biopsy reports obtained from Sweden’s 28 pathology departments. During follow-up, 947 T1D patients had a diagnosis of CD. We used Cox regression analysis with CD as a time-dependent covariate to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for DRP in patients with T1D and CD and compared them with patients with T1D but no CD.RESULTS Duration of CD correlated with the risk of DRP. When results were stratified by time since CD diagnosis, individuals with T1D and CD were at a lower risk of DRP in the first 5 years after CD diagnosis (aHR 0.57 [95% CI 0.36–0.91]), followed by a neutral risk in years 5 to <10 (1.03 [0.68–1.57]). With longer follow-up, coexisting CD was a risk factor for DRP (10 to <15 years of follow-up, aHR 2.83 [95% CI 1.95–4.11]; ≥15 years of follow-up, 3.01 [1.43–6.32]).CONCLUSIONS Having a diagnosis of CD for >10 years is a risk factor for the development of DRP in T1D. Long-standing CD in patients with T1D merits intense monitoring of DRP.
|
|
| 3. |
- Mollazadegan, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term coeliac disease influences risk of death in patients with type 1 diabetes
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 274:3, s. 273-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim of this study was to examine mortality in patients with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and coeliac disease (CD). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods. Between 1969 and 2008, we identified individuals with CD through biopsy reports from all pathology departments (n = 28) in Sweden. T1D was defined as a diagnosis of diabetes recorded in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2009 in individuals aged andlt;= 30 years. During follow-up, we identified 960 patients with both T1D and CD. For each individual with T1D and CD, we selected up to five subjects with T1D alone (i.e. no CD), matched for sex, age and calendar period of diagnosis, as the reference group (n = 4608). Using a stratified Cox regression analysis with CD as a time-dependent covariate, we estimated the risk of death in patients with both T1D and CD compared with those with T1D alone. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults. Stratifying for time since CD diagnosis, CD was not a risk factor for death in patients with T1D during the first 5 years after CD diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-1.73], but thereafter the HR for mortality increased as a function of follow-up time (5 to andlt;10 years, HR 1.44, 95% CI 0.74-2.79; 10 to andlt;15 years, HR 1.88, 95% CI 0.81-4.36). Having a CD diagnosis for andgt;= 15 years was associated with a 2.80-fold increased risk of death in individuals with T1D (95% CI 1.28-6.12). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion. A diagnosis of CD for andgt;= 15 years increases the risk of death in patients with T1D.
|
|
| 4. |
- Mollazadegan, Kaziwe, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk of renal disease in patients with both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 57:7, s. 1339-1345
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to study the risk of renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and coexisting coeliac disease (CD).Methods: Individuals with T1D were defined as having a diagnosis of diabetes recorded at <= 30 years of age in the Swedish Patient Register between 1964 and 2009. Individuals with CD were identified through biopsy reports with villous atrophy (Marsh stage 3) from 28 pathology departments in Sweden between 1969 and 2008. We identified 954 patients with both T1D and CD. For each patient with T1D + CD, we selected five age- and sex-matched reference individuals with T1D only (n = 4,579). Cox regression was used to estimate the following risks: (1) chronic renal disease and (2) end-stage renal disease in patients with CD + T1D compared with T1D patients only.Results: Forty-one (4.3%) patients with CD + T1D and 143 (3.1%) patients with T1D only developed chronic renal disease. This corresponded to an HR of 1.43 for chronic renal disease (95% CI 0.94, 2.17) in patients with CD + T1D compared with T1D only. In addition, for end-stage renal disease there was a positive (albeit statistically non-significant) HR of 2.54 (95% CI 0.45, 14.2). For chronic renal disease, the excess risk was more pronounced after >10 years of CD (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.08, 3.79). Risk estimates were similar when we restricted our cohort to the following T1D patients: (1) those who had an inpatient diagnosis of T1D; (2) those who had never received oral glucose-lowering medication; and (3) those who had not received their first diabetes diagnosis during pregnancy.Conclusions/interpretation: Overall this study found no excess risk of chronic renal disease in patients with T1D and CD. However, in a subanalysis we noted a positive association between longstanding CD and chronic renal disease in T1D.
|
|
| 5. |
- Welander, Adina, et al.
(författare)
-
Breastfeeding duration and gluten introduction among mother with celiac disaese
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 59:1, s. 89-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Both breast-feeding duration and age at gluten introduction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We hypothesized that parental CD affects the feeding pattern of the offspring, mediated by parental health awareness increasing adherence to infant feeding guidelines.Methods: Prospectively collected infant feeding data were obtained through the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study. Information regarding infant feeding was available in 9414 children. Twenty-two mothers had a history of biopsy-verified CD before delivery of a child in the study, and 9392 mothers had no diagnosis of CD before birth and thus constituted the unexposed or control population. Cox regression was used to compare the risk of early weaning and gluten introduction according to parental CD status, and logistic regression to assess whether mothers with CD were more likely to breast-feed their children at gluten introduction.Results: Some 63% of children were breast-fed for at least 9 months. We found no association between maternal CD and early weaning (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–1.7), or between paternal CD and early weaning (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1–1.9). Sixty percent of children were introduced to gluten in months 5 and 6. Maternal CD was not associated with age at gluten introduction (adjusted HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.3). There was no statistically significant association between maternal CD and breast-feeding at the time of gluten introduction (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 0.4–4.7).Conclusions: Feeding patterns do not seem to vary between offspring and mothers with CD and those without.
|
|
| 6. |
- Welander, Adina, et al.
(författare)
-
Infectious Disease and Risk of Later Celiac Disease in Childhood
- 2010
-
Ingår i: PEDIATRICS. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 125:3, s. E530-E536
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine whether parent-reported infection at the time of gluten introduction increases the risk of future celiac disease (CD). METHODS: Through the population-based All Infants in Southeast Sweden study, parents recorded data on feeding and infectious disease prospectively. Complete data on gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration were available for 9408 children. Those children had 42 826 parent-reported episodes of infectious disease in the first year of life (including 4003 episodes of gastroenteritis). We identified 44 children with biopsy-verified CD diagnosed after 1 year of age, and we used Cox regression to estimate the risk of future CD for children with infection at gluten introduction. RESULTS: Eighteen children with CD (40.9%) had an infection at the time of gluten introduction, compared with 2510 reference individuals (26.8%; P = .035). Few children had gastroenteritis at the time of gluten introduction (1 child with CD [2.3%] vs 166 reference individuals [1.8%]; P = .546). With adjustment for age at gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration, we found no association between a future diagnosis of CD and either any infection (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.8 [95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6]) or gastroenteritis (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.6 [95% confidence interval: 0.2-30.8]) at the time of gluten introduction. We found no associations between breastfeeding duration, age at gluten introduction, and future CD. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that parent-reported infection at the time of gluten introduction is not a major risk factor for CD.
|
|
| 7. |
- Welander, Adina, et al.
(författare)
-
Infectious Disease at Gluten Introduction and Risk of Childhood Diabetes Mellitus
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 165:2, s. 326-U160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the risk of future diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) in children who suffered from infection at time of gluten introduction.Study design: Population-based prospective study. Parents filled out a diary at home. We hereby obtained data on date of gluten introduction, breastfeeding duration, and infections in 9414 children born in the southeast of Sweden from October 1, 1997, through October 1, 1999 (the All Babies in Southeast Sweden cohort). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the risk of future T1D until February 1, 2012, among children with infection at time of gluten introduction.Results: Forty-six children (0.5%) developed T1D and were compared with 9368 reference children from the general population. Some 10 of 46 children with later T1D had an infection at time of gluten introduction (22%) compared with 2520 reference children (27%, P = .43). Later T1D was not associated with age at end of breastfeeding, age at any infection, or age at gluten introduction. Breastfeeding at time of gluten introduction was not protective against future T1D (hazard ratio 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-2.7). In our final model, when we adjusted for age at gluten introduction, age at infection, and breastfeeding duration, infection at time of gluten introduction did not influence the risk of future T1D (hazard ratio 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-1.6).Conclusion: Infection at time of gluten introduction is not a major risk factor for future T1D in nonselected children.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:2, s. 97-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andersson C, Vaziri-Sani F, Delli AJ, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Samuelsson U, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark A, Elding Larsson H, the BDD Study group. Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2013: 14: 97-105. Objective To establish the diagnostic sensitivity of and the relationships between autoantibodies to all three Zinc transporter 8 (Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one, two, or all three amino acid variants at position 325, ZnT8A) variants to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and to autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A), and insulin (IAA). Methods We analyzed 3165 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study for HLA-DQ genotypes and all six autoantibodies (ZnT8RA, arginine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8WA, tryptophan 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8QA, glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; GADA, IA-2A, and IAA). Results ZnT8A was found in 65% of the patients and as many as 108 of 3165 (3.4%) had 13 ZnT8A alone. None had ZnT8QA alone. Together with GADA (56%), IA-2A (73%), and IAA (33%), 93% of the T1D patients were autoantibody positive. All three ZnT8A were less frequent in children below 2 yr of age (pandlt;0.0001). All three ZnT8A were associated with DQA1-B1*X-0604 (DQ6.4) and DQA1-B1*03-0302 (DQ8). ZnT8WA and ZnT8QA were negatively associated with DQA1-B1*05-02 (DQ2). Conclusions Analysis of ZnT8A increased the diagnostic sensitivity of islet autoantibodies for T1D as only 7% remained islet autoantibody negative. The association between DQ6.4 and all three ZnT8A may be related to ZnT8 antigen presentation by the DQ6.4 heterodimer.
|
|
