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- Hogland, W, et al.
(författare)
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Physical, chemical and biological processes for optimizing decentralized composting
- 2003
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Ingår i: Compost Science & Utilization. - 1065-657X. ; 11:4, s. 330-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On-site composting of nonpolluted organic wastes avoids costs and energy for transportation since the volume to be transported can be reduced to about 20% of the original. This paper describes the aerobic processes in a small-scale composting reactor, and evaluates how these processes can be optimized. The optimized composting process has a relatively short turnover time for organic matter; at the same time the temperature of about 60degreesC decreases the problems with pathogens and weeds in the mature compost. The compost produced has a high nutritional value, with high concentrations of especially nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, while the contamination by heavy metals and other toxic substances are very low.
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- Janosik, Tomasz, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic studies of [1,2,7,8]tetrathiacyclododecino[4,3-b : 5,6-b': 10,9-b": 11,12-b''']tetraindoles
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; :8, s. 1392-1396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two conformationally different [1,2,7,8]tetrathiacyclododecino[4,3-b:5,6-b':10,9-b":11,12-b''']tetraind oles 9a and 9b have been isolated in good yields, and the existence of a third conformer 9c in solution was demonstrated by mass spectrometry and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The interconversions of the tetraindoles 9a-c have also been studied. The conformation of 9b was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, while the conformations of 9a and 9b were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data, and were also supported by molecular modelling studies. In addition, the elusive dithiin 3 was isolated and the structure was proven by X-ray crystallography.
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- Janosik, T, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic studies of [1,2,7,8]tetrathiacyclododecino[4,3-b : 5,6-b': 10,9-b": 11,12-b''']tetraindoles
- 2002
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. - 1434-193X. ; 2002:8, s. 1392-1396
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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