| 1. |
- Hagen, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Genetics and democracy-what is the issue?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Community Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-6001 .- 1868-310X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current developments in genetics and genomics entail a number of changes and challenges for society as new knowledge and technology become common in the clinical setting and in society at large. The relationship between genetics and ethics has been much discussed during the last decade, while the relationship between genetics and the political arena-with terms such as rights, distribution, expertise, participation and democracy-has been less considered. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the connection between genetics and democracy. In order to do this, we delineate a notion of democracy that incorporates process as well as substance values. On the basis of this notion of democracy and on claims of democratisation in the science and technology literature, we argue for the importance of considering genetic issues in a democratic manner. Having established this connection between genetics and democracy, we discuss this relation in three different contexts where the relationship between genetics and democracy becomes truly salient: the role of expertise, science and public participation, and individual responsibility and distributive justice. As developments within genetics and genomics advance with great speed, the importance and use of genetic knowledge within society can be expected to grow. However, this expanding societal importance of genetics might ultimately involve, interact with, or even confront important aspects within democratic rule and democratic decision-making. Moreover, we argue that the societal importance of genetic development makes it crucial to consider not only decision-making processes, but also the policy outcomes of these processes. This argument supports our process and substance notion of democracy, which implies that public participation, as a process value, must be complemented with a focus on the effects of policy decisions on democratic values such as distributive justice.
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| 2. |
- Holmberg, Tora, et al.
(författare)
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Determining discourse on bio-objects
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Innovation. - : Research Media Ltd. ; :September, s. 24-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Social and educational scientists Drs Tora Holmberg, Malin Ideland and Shai Mulinari discuss their progress so far on a research project addressing the contemporary and controversial subject of cybrids and the discourse around them
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| 3. |
- Holmberg, Tora, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Determining discourse on bio-objects
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Innovation. ; :September, s. 24-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Mulinari, Shai
(författare)
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Monoamine theories of depression: historical impact on biomedical research
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. - 0964-704X. ; 21:4, s. 366-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoamine theories associate depression with reduced brain monoamine levels. These theories achieved broad popularity in the mid-1960s. The present article reviews the historical development of monoamine theories and their subsequent impact on biomedical research. Alleged divisions between West European and U.S. researchers over competing versions of the theories are investigated using bibliometrics. Subsequently, the application of monoamine theories in the NIMH Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression is covered. The paper argues that the impact of monoamine theories is best explained by the ability of researchers, governmental agencies and pharmaceutical companies to invoke theories that advance various projects and agendas.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mulinari, Shai
(författare)
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Regulating drug information in Europe: a pyrrhic victory for pharmaceutical industry critics?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sociology of Health & Illness. - : Wiley. - 1467-9566 .- 0141-9889. ; 35:5, s. 761-777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informed by recent sociological debates on pharmaceuticalisation, this article examines the evolution of the current EU legal proposal on prescription drug information to patients, as well as the surrounding controversies. In 2008 the European Commission proposed the relaxation of the existing rules governing drug information provision to patients by the pharmaceutical industry. Critics of the industry's influence over health policy and markets, including consumer organisations, industry-independent patient organisations and health professionals, rejected the Commission's proposal, claiming that the industry cannot be considered a reliable source of patient information due to inherent financial conflicts of interest. Since these critics were at least partially successful in rallying opinion against the Commission proposal, they functioned as countervailing forces to promotion-driven pharmaceuticalisation. Even so, as a watered-down version of the proposal moved through the European Parliament it was further modified to ultimately resemble the Swedish system that was held up as a high-quality example of industry-based information provision. Yet this article contends that the Swedish system displays evidence of corporate bias. Significantly, basing EU policy on a drug information system not resistant to corporate bias risks creating practices that violate the legally mandated mission of EU drug regulation, which is to 'promote and protect public health'.
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| 7. |
- Mulinari, Shai, et al.
(författare)
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Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors during development: Force is nothing without control.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Small GTPases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2154-1248 .- 2154-1256. ; 1:1, s. 28-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of multicellular organisms is associated with extensive rearrangements of tissues and cell sheets. The driving force for these rearrangements is generated mostly by the actin cytoskeleton. In order to permit the reproducible development of a specific body plan, dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton must be precisely coordinated in space and time. GTP-exchange factors that activate small GTPases of the Rho family play an important role in this process. Here we review the role of this class of cytoskeletal regulators during important developmental processes such as epithelial morphogenesis, cytokinesis, cell migration, cell polarity, neuronal growth cone extension and phagocytosis in different model systems.
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| 8. |
- Mulinari, Shai
(författare)
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Slapp hantering av läkemedelsindustrin skadar Läkemedelsverkets trovärdighet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 109:46, s. 2107-2107
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined Patienter måste kunna lita på att Läkemedelsverket i både i skrift och handling ställer deras rätt till korrekt information över läkemedelsindustrins intressen. Risken är annars överhängande att verkets trovärdighet i läkarnas och allmänhetens ögon urholkas, något som i förlängningen kan få allvarliga medicinska konsekvenser.
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| 9. |
- Mulinari, Shai, et al.
(författare)
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The moral economies of the human stem cell crowd
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One critical issue confronting human stem cell research is the lack of embryos as research/therapeutic material. In the pursuit of ways to amend this shortage, ethical and legislative issues have been raised. Specifically, ethical and legal debates concerning donation of eggs for research and creation of human embryos in vitro have been recurring in many countries. More recently, some countries e.g. the UK and Denmark have witnessed similar debates around the creation of interspecies embryos. In parallel to these debates, however, medical and commercial expectations from the stem cell technology have been rising. In this paper we discuss the shaping and functioning of the moral economies in which these issues are settled. What kinds of moral “currencies” are viable and valued by different moral communities, and how can these moral economies be understood in relation to the bio- objectification process surrounding human embryonic stem cells? How is this bio-object constructed and reconstructed inside the different communities? Drawing from case studies of different yet interconnected moral communities at various sites – research, media, research policy and market – we will highlight the bio- objectification processes through the notions of “virtues and vices” and “expectations”. We will discuss relations between virtues and vices and expectations, and how they are closely related to each other. The analysis builds on various forms of data: e.g. interviews with stem cell researchers, policy documents, media articles and press releases.
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| 10. |
- Mulinari, Shai
(författare)
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The specificity triad: notions of disease and therapeutic specificity in biomedical reasoning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-5341. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomedicine is typically defined as the branch of medicine that is based on the principles of biology and biochemistry. A central tenet for biomedicine is the notion of disease and therapeutic specificity, i.e. the idea of tailored treatments for discrete disorders underpinned by specific pathologies. The present paper is concerned with how notions of disease and therapeutic specificity guide biomedical reasoning. To that end, the author proposes a model - the specificity triad - that draws on late philosopher and physician Ludwik Fleck's concept of "style of thought" to offer a frame for investigating the intricate process through which links between disorders, mechanisms, and therapeutics are established by biomedicine. Next by applying the specificity triad model to scrutinize research efforts in two discrete areas of medicine--psychiatry and regenerative medicine--this paper seeks to stimulate pertinent discussions in and about biomedicine. These include discussions on the ambiguous epistemic status of psychiatry within contemporary biomedicine, as well as the relationship between developmental biology -- historically relatively disjointed from biomedical enterprise -- and the burgeoning field of regenerative medicine.
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