| 1. |
- Rydja, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Physical exercise and goal attainment after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a randomised clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rehabilitation in iNPH is suggested to be an important factor to improve patients'functions but there are lack of clinical trials evaluating the effect of rehabilitation interventions after shunt surgery in iNPH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical exercise programme and goal attainment for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) after surgery compared to a control group. Methods: This was a dual centre randomised controlled trial with assessor blinding, intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analysis. Individuals diagnosed with iNPH scheduled to undergo shunt surgery at the Linkoping University Hospital in Linkoping and Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden were consecutively eligible for inclusion. Inclusion was conducted between January 2016 and June 2018. The patients were randomised 1:1 using sequentially numbered sealed envelopes to receive either written exercise information (control group) or written information and an additional supervised high-intensity, functional exercise programme (HIFE) executed twice weekly over 12 weeks (exercise group). Preoperatively, the patients set individual goals. The primary outcome was change from baseline in the total iNPH scale score at the post-intervention follow-up. Secondary outcomes were goal attainment, and change in the separate scores of gait, balance, neuropsychology and continence and in the total score after 6 months. Results: In total, 127 participants were randomised to the exercise group (n = 62) and to the control group (n=65). In the ITT population (exercise group, n =50; control group, n=59), there were no between-group differences in the primary outcome, but the attrition rate in the exercise group was high. The exercise group improved more than the control group in the balance domain scores after 6 months. Post-intervention, the PP exercise population achieved their set goals to a greater extent than the controls. Conclusions: An additional effect of the 12-week HIFE-programme on the overall improvement according to the iNPH-scale after shunt surgery in iNPH was not shown. This could be due to high attrition rate. However, the longterm effect on balance and higher goal achievement indicate beneficial influences of supervised physical exercise.
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| 2. |
- Al Weswasi, Enes, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Does sentence length affect the risk for criminal recidivism? A quasi-experimental study of three policy reforms in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Criminology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3750 .- 1572-8315. ; 19:4, s. 971-999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study examines the relationship between incarceration time and post-release recidivism among first-time incarcerated adult offenders.Methods A quasi-experimental design was adopted consisting of three policy reforms that were treated as separate natural experiments. While holding imposed sentence length constant, these policy reforms either decreased or increased the required share of a sentence inmates needed to be incarcerated before being eligible for parole. Data consisted of large-scale administrative records containing all convictions for the Swedish cohorts born in 1958 and later.Results Results indicate that neither increased nor decreased incarceration time had a statistically significant effect on post-release recidivism, irrespective of how recidivism was measured.Conclusions Findings reveal little evidence for incarceration time having a criminogenic or specific preventive effect on post-release recidivism.
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| 3. |
- Aryal, Pradip, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study of the main electromagnetic models applied to melt pool prediction with gas metal arc : Effect on flow, ripples from drop impact, and geometry
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier. - 0017-9310 .- 1879-2189. ; 194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work concerns the electromagnetic force models in computational fluid dynamics simulations of melt pools produced with electric arcs. These are commonly applied to gas metal arcs with metal transfer, in welding and additive manufacturing. Metal drop impact on the melt pool is thus included in this study. The electromagnetic force models applied in literature use either numerical solutions of Poisson equations or one of the two analytical models developed by Kou and Sun, or Tsao and Wu. These models rely on assumptions for which the effect on the melt pool predictions remains to be understood. The present work thoroughly investigates those assumptions and their effects. It has been supported by dedicated experimental tests that did provide estimates of unknown model parameters and validation data. The obtained results show that the assumptions that fundamentally distinguish these three models change the electromagnetic force, including the relation between its components. These changes, which can also be spatially non-uniform, are large. As a result, these models lead to significantly different recirculation flow pattern, thermal convection, melt pool morphology, bead dimensions, and free surface response to the metal transfer. We conclude by proposing conditions in which each of these models is suited or questionable.
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| 4. |
- Aryal, Pradip, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Substrate Orientation on Melt Pool during Multi-Layer Deposition in V-Groove with Gas Metal Arc
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. - : Avestia Publishing. - 2369-8136. - 9781927877616
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermo-fluid dynamic and experimental approaches are used to investigate the influence of 20° uphill, downhill and sideway substrate orientation during metal deposition over a previously deposited bead in a V-groove. The computational fluid dynamic model with free surface deformation and metal transfer gives insight into the melt pool flow and causes of defect formation observed on the solidified beads. The experimental metallographs, high-speed images and computational results show good agreement. It is found that the deposition of a second layer on a smooth first layer cooled down to room temperature leads to large changes in melt pool flow pattern at 20° substrate inclination compared to flat condition. It results in undercut and humps with the uphill orientation and undercut with the side inclination. Therefore, lower angle range is necessary for multilayer gas metal arc deposition for these two last configurations.
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| 5. |
- Backman, Filip, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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The development of the NNBAR experiment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NNBAR experiment for the European Spallation Source will search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the last such search. This paper describes progress towards a conceptual design report for NNBAR. The design of a moderator, neutron reflector, beamline, shielding and annihilation detector is reported. The simulations used form part of a model which will be used for optimisation of the experiment design and quantification of its sensitivity.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Högelin, Klara Asplund, et al.
(författare)
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Development of humoral and cellular immunological memory against SARS-CoV-2 despite B cell depleting treatment in multiple sclerosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 24:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B cell depleting therapies (BCDTs) are widely used as immunomodulating agents for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Their possible impact on development of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We here evaluated the frequency of COVID-19-like symptoms and determined immunological responses in participants of an observational trial comprising several multiple sclerosis disease modulatory drugs (COMBAT-MS; NCT03193866) and in eleven patients after vaccination, with a focus on BCDT. Almost all seropositive and 17.9% of seronegative patients on BCDT, enriched for a history of COVID-19-like symptoms, developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory, and T cells displayed functional similarity to controls producing IFN-gamma and TNF. Following vaccination, vaccine-specific humoral memory was impaired, while all patients developed a specific T cell response. These results indicate that BCDTs do not abrogate SARS-CoV-2 cellular memory and provide a possible explanation as to why the majority of patients on BCDTs recover from COVID-19.
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| 8. |
- Koh, Ara, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial Imidazole Propionate Affects Responses to Metformin through p38 gamma-Dependent Inhibitory AMPK Phosphorylation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131. ; 32:4, s. 643-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metformin is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, but there are large inter-individual variations in responses to this drug. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and changes in the gut microbiota appear to be important. The inhibitory role of microbial metabolites on metformin action has not previously been investigated. Here, we show that concentrations of the microbial metabolite imidazole propionate are higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes taking metformin who have high blood glucose. We also show that metformin-induced glucose lowering is not observed in mice pretreated with imidazole propionate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that imidazole propionate inhibits AMPK activity by inducing inhibitory AMPK phosphorylation, which is dependent on imidazole propionate-induced basal Akt activation. Finally, we identify imidazole propionate-activated p38 gamma as a novel kinase for Akt and demonstrate that p38 gamma kinase activity mediates the inhibitory action of imidazole propionate on metformin.
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| 9. |
- Malerba, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy : A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 15:5, s. 1845-1845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear energy is presently the single major low-carbon electricity source in Europe and is overall expected to maintain (perhaps eventually even increase) its current installed power from now to 2045. Long-term operation (LTO) is a reality in essentially all nuclear European countries, even when planning to phase out. New builds are planned. Moreover, several European countries, including non-nuclear or phasing out ones, have interests in next generation nuclear systems. In this framework, materials and material science play a crucial role towards safer, more efficient, more economical and overall more sustainable nuclear energy. This paper proposes a research agenda that combines modern digital technologies with materials science practices to pursue a change of paradigm that promotes innovation, equally serving the different nuclear energy interests and positions throughout Europe. This paper chooses to overview structural and fuel materials used in current generation reactors, as well as their wider spectrum for next generation reactors, summarising the relevant issues. Next, it describes the materials science approaches that are common to any nuclear materials (including classes that are not addressed here, such as concrete, polymers and functional materials), identifying for each of them a research agenda goal. It is concluded that among these goals are the development of structured materials qualification test-beds and materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) for materials that operate under harsh conditions. Another goal is the development of multi-parameter-based approaches for materials health monitoring based on different non-destructive examination and testing (NDE&T) techniques. Hybrid models that suitably combine physics-based and data-driven approaches for materials behaviour prediction can valuably support these developments, together with the creation and population of a centralised, “smart” database for nuclear materials.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Lisa M., 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the normal gut microbiota: A longitudinal one-year population study in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 30:5, s. 726-739.e3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota potentially limit the identification of microbial features associated with health status. Here, we used whole-genome metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the intra- and inter-individual variations of gut microbiota composition and functional potential of a disease-free Swedish population (n = 75) over one year. We found that 23% of the total compositional variance was explained by intra-individual variation. The degree of intra-individual compositional variability was negatively associated with the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (a butyrate producer) and two Bifidobacterium species. By contrast, the abundance of facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus varied extensively, independent of compositional stability. The contribution of intra-individual variance to the total variance was greater for functional pathways than for microbial species. Thus, reliable quantification of microbial features requires repeated samples to address the issue of intra-individual variations of the gut microbiota.
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