| 1. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Larmar och gör sig till (inledningskapitel)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Larmar och gör sig till. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673397 ; , s. 11-35
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Ansari, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Early-onset pancreatic cancer : a population-based study using the SEER registry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2443 .- 1435-2451. ; 404:5, s. 565-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early-onset pancreatic cancer (< 50 years, EOPC) is uncommon and limited data exist on clinical presentation and long-term survival. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes between patients with EOPC and those with later-onset pancreatic cancer (≥ 50 years, LOPC) using a large population-based cohort. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried to identify patients with a microscopically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for the period 2004 to 2016. Propensity score matching was used to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between patients with EOPC and LOPC. The EOPC and LOPC patients were paired 1:1 on propensity scores based on gender, tumor location, tumor size, AJCC stage, and treatment details. Results: The overall cohort included 72,906 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, including 4523 patients with EOPC (6.2%). EOPC patients were diagnosed at a more advanced AJCC stage (p < 0.001) compared with LOPC patients and received significantly more treatment, including surgery (p < 0.001), radiation (p < 0.001), and chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Following propensity score matching, 3172 EOPC patients were matched to 3172 LOPC patients, alleviating any covariate differences between the groups. The matched analysis showed that EOPC was associated with poorer 5-year OS (6.1% vs 8.6%, p = 0.003) and 5-year CSS (6.7% vs 9.7%, p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, EOPC remained significantly associated with adverse OS and CSS. Subgroup analyses showed that EOPC was associated with adverse 5-year OS (17.7% vs 26.9%, p < 0.001) and 5-year CSS (18.9% vs 29.7%, p < 0.001) in operated patients. After multivariable analysis, EOPC remained significantly associated with OS and CSS. For patients that did not undergo surgery, the OS and CSS remained dismal without any significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest study to compare the outcome of EOPC vs LOPC, as well as the first to use propensity score matching methodology for this purpose. The findings demonstrate that EOPC is diagnosed at a later stage and the matched survival analysis demonstrated reduced OS and CSS. We suggest that pancreatic cancer in young patients may have a unique tumor biology, which may be of importance for risk stratification and patient counseling.
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| 3. |
- Ansari, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The hippo signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 39:7, s. 3317-3321
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hippo signaling is a key regulator of organ size, tissue hemostasis and regeneration. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway has been recognized in a variety of human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. YES-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the two major downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. YAP and TAZ have been found to promote pancreatic tumor development and progression, even in the absence of mutant Kirsten RAS (KRAS). Pancreatic cancer is associated with an abundant stromal reaction leading to tumor growth and immune escape. It has been found that YAP and TAZ modulate behavior of pancreatic stellate cells and recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Moreover, YAP and TAZ are associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. This review dissects the role of Hippo signaling in pancreatic cancer, focusing on molecular mechanisms and prospects for future intervention.
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| 4. |
- Ansari, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The role of PEDF in pancreatic cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 39:7, s. 3311-3315
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an important antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic factor in a variety of cancer forms, including pancreatic cancer. PEDF is mainly secreted as a soluble monomeric glycoprotein. In human pancreatic cancer PEDF levels are decreased, both in the tissue and serum. The decrease is associated with increased tumor angiogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, autophagy, occurrence of liver metastasis and worse prognosis. In murine models, loss of PEDF is sufficient to induce invasive carcinoma and this phenotype is associated with large lesions characterized by poor differentiation. Lentiviral gene transfer of PEDF has resulted in decreased microvessel density and has inhibited tumor growth. Herein we review the multifunctional role of PEDF in pancreatic cancer and its therapeutic potential.
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| 5. |
- Bako, Laurent, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of a nonsmooth optimization approach to robust estimation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Automatica. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0005-1098 .- 1873-2836. ; 66, s. 132-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider the problem of identifying a linear map from measurements which are subject to intermittent and arbitrarily large errors. This is a fundamental problem in many estimation-related applications such as fault detection; state estimation in lossy networks, hybrid system identification, robust estimation, etc. The problem is hard because it exhibits some intrinsic combinatorial features. Therefore, obtaining an effective solution necessitates relaxations that are both solvable at a reasonable cost and effective in the sense that they can return the true parameter vector. The current paper discusses a nonsmooth convex optimization approach and provides a new analysis of its behavior. In particular, it is shown that under appropriate conditions on the data, an exact estimate can be recovered from data corrupted by a large (even infinite) number of gross errors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Bergenfeldt, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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ABO-Identical Blood Group Matching Has No Survival Benefit for AB Heart Transplant Recipients.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 99:3, s. 762-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although identical blood group matching is preferred, it is uncertain if this results in improved survival and, if so, how large the survival benefits are. Earlier studies have yielded conflicting results and are mostly based on single-center cohorts with few long-term results. Recipients with blood group AB are of particular interest regarding nonidentical blood group matching because they may receive organs from all blood groups. We wanted to test the hypothesis that ABO-identical matching results in superior survival in recipients with blood group AB.
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| 7. |
- Broomé, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Self-employment : the significance of ability, desire and opportunity
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1355-2554 .- 1758-6534. ; 24:2, s. 538-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ability, desire and opportunity on the individual's intention to be self-employed. Design/methodology/approach The authors created a database from Swedish national registers consisting of all individuals residing in Sweden sometime during the period 1997-2010 and selected all 333,001 full sibling pairs, 12,810 maternal half sibling pairs and 15,944 paternal half sibling pairs. Three types of entrepreneurs were defined based on information from the Swedish Tax Register. The authors divided the intention to be self-employed into ability and desire and defined ability as a genetic factor and desire as a common family factor. A classical twin model was used to separate the variance of the outcome variables into genetic, common and unshared environmental factors. Findings The study demonstrates that the influence from opportunity on the intention to be self-employed is generally strong and that all factors, ability, desire and opportunity, differ, both in size and content, for the three outcomes of entrepreneurs. Originality/value The authors divide self-employment into three distinct company types, which enables a sophisticated additive genetic analysis of the ability, desire and opportunity to be self-employed. The authors contribute to the understanding of why individuals become self-employed by examining the influences from internal and external factors of family on the intentions of self-employment.
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| 8. |
- Calling, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic status and alcohol use disorders across the lifespan : A co-relative control study
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:10, s. 0224127-0224127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is well known to aggregate in families and is associated with socioeconomic status (SES). The objective was to study the effect of education, income and neighborhood SES in adulthood on AUD, and to explore whether the potential associations were confounded by shared familial factors, by using a co-relative control design. METHODS: Data on AUD was drawn from the Swedish inpatient and outpatient care registers; prescription drug register; and crime data. Through national population registers we collected information on income, education and neighborhood SES at age 25, 30, 35 and 40 years in all individuals born in Sweden between 1950 and 1980. Each sex-specific stratum consisted of approximately 750,000-1,200,000 individuals, who were followed for AUD for a mean follow-up time ranging between 10 and 15 years until the end of 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the risk of AUD as a function of income, education and neighborhood SES in the general population and in pairs of first cousins and full siblings within the same sex, who differed in their exposure to the SES measure. RESULTS: Higher educational level, higher income and higher neighborhood SES were all associated with a reduced risk for AUD for both males and females in all ages. The potentially protective effect remained but was attenuated when comparing pairs of first cousins and full siblings. CONCLUSIONS: High educational level and income in adulthood, as well as high neighborhood socioeconomic status, may represent protective factors against alcohol use disorders, even when shared familial factors, e.g. childhood socioeconomic status and genetic factors, have been taken into account.
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| 9. |
- Colldén, Hannah, et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota is a major regulator of androgen metabolism in intestinal contents.
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - 1522-1555. ; 317:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens exert important effects both in androgen-responsive tissues and in the intestinal tract. To determine the impact of the gut microbiota (GM) on intestinal androgen metabolism, we measured unconjugated (free) and glucuronidated androgen levels in intestinal contents from the small intestine, with a low bacterial density, and from cecum and colon, with a high bacterial density. Using a specific, sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, we detected high levels of glucuronidated testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in small intestinal content of mice of both sexes, whereas in the distal intestine we observed remarkably high levels of free DHT, exceeding serum levels by >20-fold. Similarly, in young adult men high levels of unconjugated DHT, >70-fold higher than in serum, were detected in feces. In contrast to mice with a normal GM composition, germ-free mice had high levels of glucuronidated T and DHT, but very low free DHT levels, in the distal intestine. These findings demonstrate that the GM is involved in intestinal metabolism and deglucuronidation of DHT and T, resulting in extremely high free levels of the most potent androgen, DHT, in the colonic content of young and healthy mice and men.
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| 10. |
- Edwards, Alexis C., et al.
(författare)
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Protective Effects of Pregnancy on Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder
- 2019
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Ingår i: The American journal of psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 176:2, s. 138-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:: The authors sought to clarify the etiology of the association between pregnancy and reduced risk of alcohol use disorder. METHODS:: The authors used data from longitudinal population-wide Swedish medical, pharmacy, and criminal registries to evaluate whether rates of alcohol use disorder are lower during pregnancy. They compared pregnant women born between 1975 and 1992 (N=322,029) with matched population controls, with female relatives discordant for pregnancy, and with pre- and postpregnancy periods within individuals. They further compared rates of alcohol use disorder between pregnant women and their partners. RESULTS:: Pregnancy was inversely associated with alcohol use disorder across all analyses (odds ratios, 0.17-0.32). In co-relative analyses, the strength of the association increased among more closely related individuals. Within individuals, rates of alcohol use disorder were substantially decreased during pregnancy relative to the prepregnancy period (odds ratios, 0.25-0.26), and they remained reduced during postpartum periods (odds ratios, 0.23-0.31). Results were similar for second pregnancies (odds ratio, 0.23). The partners of pregnant women also exhibited reductions in alcohol use disorder (odds ratio, 0.45). Among women who became pregnant at earlier ages and those with a history of criminal behavior, the negative association between pregnancy and alcohol use disorder was especially pronounced, but no moderation was observed for a personal or maternal parental history of alcohol use disorder. CONCLUSIONS:: The findings suggest that pregnancy plays a critical, and likely causal, motivational role in reducing alcohol use disorder risk among women and, to a lesser extent, their partners. These results extend our understanding of the relationship between pregnancy and alcohol use, demonstrating that even a severe condition such as alcohol use disorder is subject to the protective effects of pregnancy.
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