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- Olesen, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Luminal nitric oxide and epithelial expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in collagenous and lymphocytic colitis
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 38:1, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Colonic nitric oxide (NO) production in collagenous colitis (CC) has been studied in a small number of patients and found increased. The cellular source of NO is believed to be the colonic epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate colonic NO levels in patients with CC and lymphocytic colitis (LC), to compare with the histopathological status and with the clinical activity, and to assess the epithelial expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (iNOS and eNOS).Methods: We included 19 patients with CC, 8 patients with LC and 15 controls. During colonoscopy, luminal gas was sampled and NO levels were measured using the chemiluminescence technique. Mucosal biopsies were obtained for routine histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical studies of iNOS and eNOS. Clinical activity, as measured by the mean frequency of daily bowel movements during the week prior to colonoscopy, was assessed.Results: Luminal NO levels, median (25-75 percentiles), in the patients with CC and LC were greatly increased compared to the controls, 1673 (145-8143) parts per billion (ppb) and 1838 (1065-2694) ppb versus 28 (20-46) ppb (P < 0.005, both). A positive association was seen between NO levels and histopathological status as well as clinical activity. Strong expression of iNOS was seen in the surface epithelium in 5 of 6 patients with CC and in 2 of 5 patients with LC.Conclusions: The fact that luminal NO levels are related to histopathological status and correlate with clinical activity indicates that NO is involved in the pathophysiology of CC and LC. The epithelial cells are the most likely source of luminal NO.
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- Ehlers, B. K., et al.
(författare)
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Floral morphology and reproductive success in the orchid Epipactis helleborine : regional and local across-habitat variation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-2697 .- 1615-6110. ; 236:1-2, s. 19-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The terrestrial orchid Epipactis helleborine is a morphologically variable species with a wide distribution in Europe. It is pollinated by social wasps, and most populations show the morphological characteristics of outcrossing species. However, local predominantly selfing subspecies and varieties have been documented from drier habitats. To document geographic variation in floral morphology, ability to produce seeds through autogamy, and reproductive success in E. helleborine, we sampled 13 populations from three geographic regions along a latitudinal gradient of c. 1000 km from northern to southern Sweden. In the southernmost region, populations in dry and mesic habitats were compared. Supplemental hand-pollination was conducted to determine whether among-population variation in fruit set could be explained by differences in the natural level of pollination, and whether any relationship between floral morphology and fruit production could be explained by interactions with pollinators. Bagging experiments showed no evidence of autogamy in any of the study populations. Number of flowers, pollinia removal and fruit set varied significantly among populations but did not differ among regions. Pollinia removal was positively correlated with population size and both pollinia removal and fruit set were lower in dry than in mesic habitats. At the level of the individual plant, the number of pollinia removed increased more rapidly with flower number than did number of fruits produced. The hand-pollination experiment indicated that the positive relationship between number of flowers and fruit production was due to a higher degree of pollen limitation in plants with few flowers than in plants with many flowers. The experiment also showed that variation in the level of pollen limitation could only partly explain variation in fruit set among populations.
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- Järnerot, G, et al.
(författare)
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Familial occurrence of microscopic colitis: a report on five families
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 36:9, s. 959-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The etiology and pathogenesis of microscopic colitis is unknown. Whether genetic predisposition is of importance, as in many other gastrointestinal diseases, is unknown. Familial occurrence of collagenous colitis has earlier been reported only in two families. METHODS: Familial occurrence of microscopic colitis was searched for in a Swedish national microscopic colitis register. RESULTS: Familial occurrence of microscopic colitis was identified in five families. In all families a sister-sister relationship was found. Two sisters with collagenous colitis had been living apart in different Nordic countries for many years before developing the disease. In one pair, the smoking sister had collagenous colitis and the never smoking sister had lymphocytic colitis. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the relative rarity of microscopic colitis, these findings indicate that a genetic predisposition may be of importance.
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- Olesen, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Lymphocytic colitis : a retrospective clinical study of 199 Swedish patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 53:4, s. 536-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lymphocytic colitis is characterised by chronic diarrhoea and specific microscopic changes in a macroscopically normal colonic mucosa. We report clinical features and treatment outcome in a large patient cohort.Methods: Patients were searched for in 24 Swedish gastroenterology clinics. The biopsy material was reassessed using strict histopathological criteria. Clinical data were obtained from medical notes.Results: Lymphocytic colitis was diagnosed in 199 cases. The female:male ratio was 2.4:1. Median age at diagnosis was 59 (48–70) years. The most frequent symptoms were diarrhoea (96%), abdominal pain (47%), and weight loss (41%). The course was chronic intermittent in 30% of patients, chronic continuous in 7%, and a single attack in 63%, and in these cases the disease duration was 6 (4–11) months. Seventy nine (40%) patients reported associated diseases, of which thyroid disorders, coeliac disease, and diabetes mellitus were the most common. In 34 first or second degree relatives of 24 (12%) patients, a family history of ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, collagenous colitis, or coeliac disease was reported. Drug induced disease was suspected in 19 (10%) patients. A non-significant peak of disease onset was seen in December-January. More than 80% of treated patients improved on corticosteroids, including budesonide.Conclusions: A family history of other bowel disorders is a new finding. The sudden onset and single attack of limited duration may support a possible infectious cause in some cases. Drugs may cause lymphocytic colitis.
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- Olesen, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Microscopic colitis: a common diarrhoeal disease : an epidemiological study in Örebro, Sweden, 1993–1998
- 2004
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 53:3, s. 346-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Microscopic colitis, including collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, mainly affects middle aged and older subjects, with a female predominance in collagenous colitis. The diseases have previously been regarded as rare. We present an epidemiological study of microscopic colitis in a well defined Swedish population.Methods: Patients were retrospectively searched for in colonoscopy reports of those who had a colonoscopy in the period 1993–1998 for non-bloody diarrhoea. All colonic mucosal biopsies were reassessed using strict diagnostic criteria.Results: Biopsies from 1018 patients were reassessed. Fifty one (45 female) collagenous colitis patients and 46 (31 female) lymphocytic colitis patients were diagnosed. Median age at diagnosis was 64 years in collagenous colitis and 59 years in lymphocytic colitis. The mean annual incidence of collagenous colitis was 4.9/105 inhabitants (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6–6.2/105) and of lymphocytic colitis 4.4/105 inhabitants (95% CI 3.1–5.7/105). The annual incidence of collagenous colitis increased from 3.7/105 in 1993–1995 to 6.1/105 in 1996–1998 (difference 2.4/105 (95% CI −0.3–5.1/105)) whereas the incidence of lymphocytic colitis increased from 3.1/105 to 5.7/105 (difference 2.6/105 (95% CI 0.1–5.2/105)).Conclusions: The annual incidences of collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis are higher than considered previously and are now equal to the incidence of Crohn’s disease in Sweden, and combined rates approach the incidence of ulcerative colitis. Microscopic colitis was diagnosed in 10% of all patients with non-bloody diarrhoea referred for colonoscopy and in almost 20% of those older than 70 years.
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