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- Abrahamsson, Agneta, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of the challenge of smoking cessation during pregnancy : a phenomenographic approach.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Health Education Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1153 .- 1465-3648. ; 20:3, s. 367-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, most women are familiar with the need to stop smoking when they are pregnant. In spite of this, many women find it difficult to stop. Using a phenomenographic approach, this study explored Swedish pregnant and post-pregnant women's ways of making sense of smoking during pregnancy. A total of 17 women who either smoked throughout pregnancy or stopped smoking during pregnancy were interviewed. Five different story types of how they are making sense of smoking during pregnancy were identified: smoking can be justified; will stop later; my smoking might hurt the baby; smoking is just given up; smoking must be taken charge of. Based on the study it is argued that the approach used in health education in relation to smoking cessation in antenatal care needs to move from information transfer and advice-giving to the creation of a dialogue. The starting point should be the woman's knowledge, concerns, rationalizations and prejudices. A model is suggested in which a woman may move in a space on three axes depending on life encounters, dialogue and reflections on meaning. The goal in health education would be to encourage movement along three axes: 'increase of self-efficacy towards control', 'increase awareness by reflection on meaning of the smoking issue' and 'avoidance of defense of the smoking behavior'.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Agneta, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Some lessons from Swedish midwives' experiences of approaching women smokers in antenatal care
- 2005
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 21:4, s. 335-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to describe the qualitatively different ways in which midwives make sense of how to approach women smokers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: a more person-centred national project 'Smoke-free pregnancy' has been in progress in Sweden since 1992. Using a phenomenographic approach, 24 midwives who have been regularly working in antenatal care were interviewed about addressing smoking during pregnancy. FINDINGS: four different story types of how the midwives made sense of their experiences in addressing smoking in pregnancy were identified: 'avoiding', 'informing', 'friend-making', 'co-operating'. KEY CONCLUSION: the midwives' story types about how they approached women who smoke illustrated the difficulties of changing from being an expert who gives information and advice to being an expert on how to enable a woman in finding out why she smoked and how to stop smoking. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: health education about smoking that is built on co-operation and dialogue was seen by the midwives as a productive way of working. The starting point should be the lay perspective of a woman, which means that her thoughts about smoking cessation are given the space to grow while she talks.
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| 5. |
- Ljung-Djärf, Agneta, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Ways of relating to computer use in pre-school activity
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Early Years Education. - 0966-9760 .- 1469-8463. ; 13:1, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, three different pre-school settings were investigated. The dual aim of the study was to analyse the teachers’ ways of relating to the computer as a tool in pre-school activity, and to describe the three learning environments focusing upon how the computer was used. Data were collected at three Swedish pre-schools, where one computer was available in each department. Three ways of relating to computer use were identified: as a threat to other activities, as an available option, and as an essential activity. A relationship was found between these categories and the three learning environments, characterized respectively as protective, supporting, and guiding.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Erik, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to genre : on instruction, text, work and risk
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- School in a digital information society is, among other things, considered to be characterized by independent work. Pupils get instructed to produce different texts that require them to master a variety of competences such as different writing skills, adaptation to genre, and ability to value and to make use of a number of institutional resources. Decisions concerning their work are described as to be handled individually. In Sweden a political controversy has emerged concerning the quality (expressed in grades) that self regulated, individual work forms lead to. Supported by results from studies like PISA, TIMMS and PIRLS it has been argued that self regulated work forms are one cause behind a decline in pupils’ results as compared to the results in other countries. Drawing on perspectives on instructed action, and making a distinction between the text and the work, we discuss the transparency of instructions and pupils’ understanding of genre. The empirical material has been drawn from video recorded sessions where pupils are participating in collaborative writing. Our results suggest a need to scrutinize how pupils deal with dilemmas of doing project work if we are to understand and value the work that is carried out. They also lead us to highlight the role of the teacher and question what is actually meant by an increase in independent, self regulated work forms and how these are organised. A focus on the work reveals that pupils often work as small epistemic communities and invoke different resources such as parents, tutors, and peers to guide their grappling with instructions School in a digital information society is, among other things, considered to be characterized by independent work. Pupils get instructed to produce different texts that require them to master a variety of competences such as different writing skills, adaptation to genre, and ability to value and to make use of a number of institutional resources. Decisions concerning their work are described as to be handled individually. In Sweden a political controversy has emerged concerning the quality (expressed in grades) that self regulated, individual work forms lead to. Supported by results from studies like PISA, TIMMS and PIRLS it has been argued that self regulated work forms are one cause behind a decline in pupils’ results as compared to the results in other countries. Drawing on perspectives on instructed action, and making a distinction between the text and the work, we discuss the transparency of instructions and pupils’ understanding of genre. The empirical material has been drawn from video recorded sessions where pupils are participating in collaborative writing. Our results suggest a need to scrutinize how pupils deal with dilemmas of doing project work if we are to understand and value the work that is carried out. They also lead us to highlight the role of the teacher and question what is actually meant by an increase in independent, self regulated work forms and how these are organised. A focus on the work reveals that pupils often work as small epistemic communities and invoke different resources such as parents, tutors, and peers to guide their grappling with instructions
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Erik, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Farliga verktyg!? : om fusk, teknik och lärande
- 2009
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Ingår i: Samhälle, teknik och lärande. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173312486 ; , s. 145-170
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Erik, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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'I'm entitled to make mistakes and get corrected' : students' self positioning in inquiries into academic conduct
- 2009
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Ingår i: Critical Discourse Studies. - 1740-5904 .- 1740-5912. ; 6:2, s. 127-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies show that students self-report to having bought, downloaded and ghostwritten essays, as well as to failing to attribute quoted material and other similar actions. These actions are all classified as plagiarism, and based on this classification these students are positioned as cheaters. This study shows that there is reason to critically scrutinize such positioning. Using positioning theory, drawing on data from disciplinary inquiries, we show that such actions may be constituted as acts of complaining, justifying, blaming and the like. Students justify these actions using storylines about ambiguous instructions, failing technology and difficulties distinguishing between plagiarism and autonomous authorship. We find that there are four positions such students try to make available for themselves as they attempt to reposition themselves, those of victim, learner, professional and repentant offender. Being suspected of cheating or plagiarism is a malignant position to be in; however, while students may attempt to reposition themselves in less malignant positions, such as that of victim, such attempts generally fail to lead to exoneration.
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