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- Bernardy, Jean-Philippe, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Parametricity and Dependent Types
- 2010
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Ingår i: SIGPLAN Notices (ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages). - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0730-8566 .- 0362-1340 .- 1558-1160. ; 45:9, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reynolds' abstraction theorem shows how a typing judgement in System F can be translated into a relational statement (in second order predicate logic) about inhabitants of the type. We (in second order predicate logic) about inhabitants of the type. We obtain a similar result for a single lambda calculus (a pure type system), in which terms, types and their relations are expressed. Working within a single system dispenses with the need for an interpretation layer, allowing for an unusually simple presentation. While the unification puts some constraints on the type system (which we spell out), the result applies to many interesting cases, including dependently-typed ones.
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| 3. |
- Bernardy, Jean-Philippe, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Parametricity and dependent types
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Conference on Functional Programming, September 27-29, 2010, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reynolds' abstraction theorem shows how a typingjudgement in System F can be translated into a relational statement (in second order predicate logic)about inhabitants of the type. We expose a similar result, whereterms, types, and their relations are expressed in a single typed lambda calculus (a pure type system).Working within a single system dispenses the need for aninterpretation layer, allowing for an unusually simplepresentation. While the unification puts some constraints on the type system(which we spell out), the result applies to many interesting cases, includingdependently-typed ones.
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| 4. |
- Bernardy, Jean-Philippe, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Proofs for Free - Parametricity for dependent types
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Programming. - 1469-7653 .- 0956-7968. ; 22:2, s. 107-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reynolds' abstraction theorem shows how a typing judgement in System F can be translated into a relational statement (in second order predicate logic) about inhabitants of the type.We obtain a similar result for pure type systems: for any PTS used as a programming language, there is a PTS that can be used as a logic for parametricity. Types in the source PTS are translated to relations (expressed as types) in the target. Similarly, values of a given type are translated to proofs that the values satisfy the relational interpretation. We extend the result to inductive families.We also show that the assumption that every term satisfies the parametricity condition generated by its type is consistent with the generated logic. Our proof gives a computationally meaningful way to interpret that assumption.
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- Paterson, Ross W, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarker Modelling of Early Molecular Changes in Alzheimer's Disease.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular diagnosis & therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1179-2000 .- 1177-1062. ; 18:2, s. 213-227
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs years, possibly decades, before the onset of clinical symptoms. Being able to detect the very earliest stages of AD is critical to improving understanding of AD biology, and identifying individuals at greatest risk of developing clinical symptoms with a view to treating AD pathophysiology before irreversible neurodegeneration occurs. Studies of dominantly inherited AD families and longitudinal studies of sporadic AD have contributed to knowledge of the earliest AD biomarkers. Here we appraise this evidence before reviewing novel, particularly fluid, biomarkers that may provide insights into AD pathogenesis and relate these to existing hypothetical disease models.
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- Su, Zhan, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at the MHC locus and at chromosome 16q24.1 predispose to Barrett's esophagus.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barrett's esophagus is an increasingly common disease that is strongly associated with reflux of stomach acid and usually a hiatus hernia, and it strongly predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a tumor with a very poor prognosis. We report the first genome-wide association study on Barrett's esophagus, comprising 1,852 UK cases and 5,172 UK controls in the discovery stage and 5,986 cases and 12,825 controls in the replication stage. Variants at two loci were associated with disease risk: chromosome 6p21, rs9257809 (Pcombined=4.09×10(-9); odds ratio (OR)=1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-1.28), within the major histocompatibility complex locus, and chromosome 16q24, rs9936833 (Pcombined=2.74×10(-10); OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.10-1.19), for which the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1, which is implicated in esophageal development and structure. We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus.
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| 7. |
- Toombs, Jamie, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid-beta 42 adsorption following serial tube transfer.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's research & therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 38 (Aβ38), 40 (Aβ40), 42 (Aβ42) and total tau (T-tau) are finding increasing utility as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether measured CSF biomarker concentrations were affected by transfer of CSF between tubes, and whether addition of a non-ionic surfactant mitigates any observed effects.
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| 8. |
- Toombs, Jamie, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of an important potential confound in CSF AD studies: aliquot volume.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine : CCLM / FESCC. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 51:12, s. 2311-2317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42), total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau181 (P-tau) are finding increasing utility as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether measured CSF biomarker concentrations were affected by aliquot storage volume and whether addition of detergent-containing buffer mitigates any observed effects. Methods: AD and control CSF was distributed into polypropylene tubes in aliquots of different volumes (50-1500 μL). Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau were measured with and without addition of Tween 20 (0.05%). Results: Measured concentrations of Aβ1-42 increased two-fold with aliquot storage volume. A volume increase of 10 µL caused an Aβ1-42 increase of 0.95 pg/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-1.50, p=0.02] in controls, and 0.60 pg/mL (CI 0.23-0.98 pg/mL, p=0.003) in AD samples. Following addition of Tween 20, the positive relationship between Aβ1-42 and aliquot volume disappeared. T-tau and P-tau were not significantly affected. Conclusions: CSF aliquot storage volume has a significant impact on the measured concentration of Aβ1-42. The introduction of a buffer detergent at the initial aliquoting stage may be an effective solution to this problem.
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