| 1. |
- Persson, Jörgen Lars, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Hinder och drivkrafter för energieffektivisering i svensk industri - två fallstudier
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arbetsnotat Program Energisystem.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy efficiency provides a tool for Swedish industry in order to strengthen market positions and increase profits. Energy efficiency measures may not be implemented, despite the fact that investments are cost effective. There are thus barriers and driving forces to energy efficiency. The aim of this work has been to identify barriers and driving forces to energy efficiency in the Swedish industry.Two case studies have been conducted within this work, using in-depth interviews. Case 1 studied energy efficiency within the non energy intensive manufacturing industry. Case 2 studied the use of data in the process industry.The main barriers in Case 1 were: lack of time or other priorities, costs and technical risks related to production disruptions, lack of reliable information regarding energy performance of bought equipment, unsatisfactory measuring (which constitute a barrier when quantifying an energy saving measure), energy related investments are not prioritised, split incentives with outsourcing and Facilities Management, short pay-back criteria and lack of long term strategy. The study also identified a number of driving forces to energy efficiency: a motivated person with power over investment decisions, long term strategy regarding energy efficient technology, knowledge about the site and where site specific energy efficiency measures could be found, environmental values and access to capital.In Case 2 the use of data in pulp mills was studied in an efficiency perspective. These mills collect large amounts of data and the question arises whether these data could be used more efficiently. The main barriers to a more effective use of data were: unreliable data were found to have a negative impact, as analyses and proposed measures also become unreliable. Lacks of time when analyses and proposed measures are handled are closely related to cuts in staff and that production oriented issues are stressed. This barrier implies that an important driving force to energy efficiency are motivated staffs who stress energy efficiency. Other barriers were risk of production disruptions, risk with uncertain future conditions and lack of motivation. Several of the interviewees claimed significant efficiency figures, however no unified conclusion could be drawn. There are both similarities and differences between the two cases. The common barriers were lack of time and costs for production disruptions. Furthermore, a motivated person has been distinguished as a key driving force both in both studies. Other barriers were: lack of long term strategy, technology lock in, low priority of the energy issue and unsatisfactory measuring. Conclusions whether lack of reliable information regarding energy performance of bought equipment is a problem could not be drawn from the two studies as different results were gained.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Design and evaluation of a 2 x 2 MIMO repeater
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2009, Proceedings. - 9783000245732 ; , s. 1509-1512
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the design and measurement-based evaluation of an amplify-and-forward 2 x 2 MEMO repeater is presented. During the design phase, simulations were made to study different scenarios and repeater parameter settings. The evaluation of the repeater was made using field trials in Kista, Stockholm, Sweden. Three scenarios were considered; coverage, outdoor-to-indoor, and LOS MEMO rank enhancement. The overall results showed good improvement in received signal strength, ranging from only a few dB up to 25 dB depending on the particular measurement scenario. Moreover, the concept of repeater-aided rank enhancement in LOS also showed good results.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of Biodiesel - Hydrotreated oil from rape, oil palm or Jatropha
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Poster Exhibition at the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Mars 6th, 2008, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for fuels based on renewable resources that have acceptable emission profiles and that are functional for truck engines used in heavy vehicles. Volvo has participated in the CONCAWE/EUCAR/JRC WTW study, which analyzed a number of candidate fuels, several process routes to produce each fuel as well as different raw material choices. However, the CONCAWE study did not include any second generation hydrogenated vegetable oil type biodiesel. In the present study, Volvo and Chalmers investigate and benchmark hydrogenated vegetable oils. Different production routes from different proposed raw materials are investigated using life cycle assessment modeling. Raw materials considered are oil from rape seed (grown in Germany), palm oil (grown in Malaysia) and oil from the fruits of Jatropha curcas (grown in India). The raw material is converted into hydrogenated oil at a production site in northern Europe and used at the European market. Results regarding life cycle global warming potential and energy use are presented.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of gefitinib in humans : the influence of gastrointestinal factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 341:1-2, s. 134-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate whether differences in plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of gefitinib between healthy subjects having normal (N; t1/2 > 20 h) and altered (A; t1/2 < 20 h) pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles might be explained by inter-individual variability in gastric emptying and/or precipitation/dissolution of gefitinib in the proximal small intestine. Methods One hundred healthy male subjects were screened to enable identification of subjects with the two PK profiles. Twenty five subjects from the screening were subsequently enrolled in an intubation study where a 250 mg gefitinib dispersion preparation (IRESSA®, AstraZeneca) was administered directly into the stomach. Intestinal fluid samples were withdrawn continuously for 180 min post-dose using the Loc-I-Gut catheter positioned in the jejunum. The crystalline form of gefitinib was determined using Raman microscopy. Results There were no differences between normal and altered subjects with regard to gastric emptying or the precipitation/dissolution of gefitinib in jejunal fluid. Due to difficulties in crystalline identification in the jejunal fluid samples, only the same crystalline form as the dosed form was identified. Conclusions There was no pronounced difference in gastric emptying, precipitation and re-dissolution of gefitinib in proximal human jejunum between normal and altered subjects. Other mechanism(s) are also likely to be important in explaining the inter-individual differences in plasma exposure to gefitinib, such as polymorphism in various metabolic enzymes and/or transport proteins. However, the difference between altered and normal subjects cannot be easily explained and it is likely a multifactorial explanation including low jejunal pH, increased expression of enzymatic and transporter activity and rapid small intestine transit.
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| 6. |
- Bosiljevac, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Analysis of Aperture Antennas on Generally Shaped Convex Multilayered Surfaces Using a Hybrid SD-UTD Method
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 57:5, s. 1420-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel hybrid method is described for analyzing convex multilayered conformal array antennas. The hybrid method is based on the spectral domain approach in combination with the ray-based uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) method. The analysis is divided in two parts. First, the spectral domain approach is accelerated by using an asymptotic extraction technique where the extracted term of the Green's function is calculated using UTD. It is shown that this new approach results in significant acceleration of the existing spectral domain algorithm without losing accuracy. The modified spectral domain method is then used in the second part where generally shaped convex multilayered surfaces are analyzed by using sets of canonically shaped surfaces (spheres and/or circular cylinders). Their radii are obtained using the UTD formulation, which contains important information such as distance and curvature of the generally shaped surface along each geodesic. The results obtained using the new algorithm are compared to the available results (calculated and measured) for different conformal antennas, showing very good agreement.
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| 7. |
- Bosiljevac, M., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid spectral domain - UTD method applied to conformal antenna analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur Space Agency Spec Publ ESA SP. - : IEEE. - 9290929375 - 9789290929376
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hybrid spectral domain - UTD method (Uniform Theory of Diffraction) developed for the analysis of conformal antennas is presented in this paper. The basic idea behind the hybrid method is to combine different analysis methods for conformal antennas and, at the same time, preserve the advantages of the considered methods. More specifically, the considered hybrid SD - UTD method joins the possibility of analyzing multilayer structures (spectral domain method) and the possibility of analyzing electrically large structures (UTD method). Hence, using the developed method it is possible to analyze large multilayered conformal antennas with high accuracy and speed. This work has been made possible by the ACE program for structuring the research on conformal antennas in Europe. The developed method is a result of joining research activities of University of Zagreb, Croatia and the Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Ellgardt, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of a broad-band wide-scan fragmented aperture phased array antenna
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a phased array antenna is described that is designed with the help of a genetic algorithm for scan angles out to 60° from broadside. The focus is on simplifying the manufacturing of the diagonally adjoining pixels and on numerical results for thin antennas. The effects of the corner to corner contacts are studied and results for two synthesized elements ar Test and measurement requirements on wireless devices
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| 9. |
- Fröling, Morgan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Assessment of Second Generation Biodiesel: Biomass to Liquid
- 2008
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Ingår i: Designing Pathways for a Sustainable World: At Scale, in Time, and for All, AGS Annual Meeting, MIT, Cambridge, MA. USA, January 28-30 2008. ; , s. abstract in proceedings-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Gren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Energianvändning i bebyggelse - boendes och aktörers val av teknik : Antologi från forskarskolan program energisystem
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energianvändning är grunden för välstånd och samhällsutveckling. Men vårt sätt att använda energi orsakar miljöpåverkan som i värsta fall kan rasera grunden inte bara för välstånd och samhällsutveckling utan också ytterst för existensen av allt liv på jorden. Vilka är möjligheterna att förändra energianvändningen så att den blir miljömässigt, socialt och ekonomiskt uthållig? Detta är en process som i mycket måste utgå från vad människor gör i sin vardag, i yrkeslivet och som konsumenter och användare av energi i olika aktiviteter. Antologin behandlar energianvändning i bebyggelse utifrån de valmöjligheter som olika aktörer – professionella och hushåll – har när det gäller att bygga och bo i energisnåla hus, att installera och bruka teknik som är energieffektiv och som utnyttjar förnybar energi, till exempel solenergi.Boken vänder sig till alla som har professionellt intresse för frågor om energianvändning i bebyggelse som till exempel aktörer som planerar, bygger och förvaltar byggnader. Den vänder sig också till hushållen, som bor i husen och använder energi. Boken vill vidare visa hur teknisk och samhällsvetenskaplig forskning kan kombineras för att nå ny kunskap om processer i så komplexa sociotekniska system som moderna energisystem.
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