| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abbadessa, G, et al.
(författare)
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Unsung hero Robert C. Gallo
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 323:5911, s. 206-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 5. |
- Poli, Ninos, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-flip scattering at Al surfaces
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 99:8, s. 08H701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlocal measurements are performed on a multiterminal device to in situ determine the spin-diffusion length and in combination with resistivity measurements also the spin-relaxation time in Al films. By varying the thickness of Al we determine the contribution to spin relaxation from surface scattering. From the temperature dependence of the spin-diffusion length it is established that the spin relaxation is impurity dominated at low temperature. A comparison of the spin- and momentum-relaxation lengths for different thicknesses reveals that the spin-flip scattering at the surfaces is weak compared to that within the bulk of the Al films.
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| 6. |
- Poli, Ninos, et al.
(författare)
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Spin injection and relaxation in a mesoscopic superconductor
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 100:13, s. 136601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study spin transport in a superconducting nanowire using a set of closely spaced magnetic tunnel contacts. We observe a giant enhancement of the spin accumulation of up to 5 orders of magnitude on transition into the superconducting state, consistent with the expected changes in the density of states. The spin relaxation length decreases by an order of magnitude from its value in the normal state. These measurements, combined with our theoretical model, allow us to distinguish the individual spin-flip mechanisms present in the transport channel. Our conclusion is that magnetic impurities rather than spin-orbit coupling dominate spin-flip scattering in the superconducting state.
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| 7. |
- Urech, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Direct demonstration of decoupling of spin and charge currents in nanostructures
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 6:4, s. 871-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of decoupling of spin and charge currents is one of the basic principles underlying the rapidly expanding field of spintronics. However, no direct demonstration of the phenomenon exists. We report a novel measurement in which a nonequilibrium spin population is created by a pointlike injection of current from a ferromagnet across a tunnel barrier into a one-dimensional spin channel and detected differentially by a pair of ferromagnetic electrodes placed symmetrically about the injection point. We demonstrate that the spin current is strictly isotropic about the injection point and, therefore, completely decoupled from the unidirectional charge current.
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