| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bourguignon, J., et al.
(författare)
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Chiral ditopic receptors. Application to palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 59:48, s. 9583-9589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chiral pyridinooxazoline, quinolinooxazoline, bis(oxazolino)pyridine (pybox), and bisoxazoline (box) derivatives containing crown ether residues were prepared. Some of the ligands were assessed in substrate binding studies and in palladium catalyzed allylic alkylations.
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| 3. |
- Conley, D.J., et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia in the baltic sea and basin-scale changes in phosphorus biogeochemistry
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 36:24, s. 5315-5320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep-water oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea are influenced by eutrophication, but also by saltwater inflows from the North Sea. In the last two decades, only two major inflows have been recorded and the lack of major inflows is believed to have resulted in a long-term stagnation of the deepest bottom water. Analyzing data from 1970 to 2000 at the basin scale, we show that the estimated volume of water with oxygen, <2 mL L-1, was actually at a minimum at the end of the longest so-called stagnation period on record. We also show that annual changes in dissolved inorganic phosphate water pools were positively correlated to the area of bottom covered by hypoxic water, but not to changes in total phosphorus load, thus addressing the legacy of eutrophication on a basinwide scale. The variations in phosphorus pools that have occurred during the past decades do not reflect any human action to reduce inputs. The long residence time and internally controlled variation of the large P pool in the Baltic Sea has important implications for management of both N and P inputs into this eutrophicated enclosed basin.
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| 4. |
- Conley, D., et al.
(författare)
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The myth of the Baltic stagnation period.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - 1086-931X .- 1520-6912. ; 36, s. 5315-5320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Ferring, Dieter, et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction of older people in six European countries: Findings from the European study on adult wellbeing.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9380 .- 1613-9372. ; 1:1, s. 15-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Study on Adult Well-being (ESAW), funded by the European Union, was conducted during 2002 and 2003 in Austria, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, United Kingdom and Sweden. The aim of the interdisciplinary study was the conceptual clarification and the identification of factors contributing to life satisfaction for older people. Five key components were included in the study: (1) physical health and functional status; (2) self-resources; (3) material security; (4) social support resources; and (5) life activity. A representative population of adults aged 50–90 years living independently (not institutionalised) was selected in each participating country, and the actual sample size came very close to the target of 2,000, ranging from 1,854 to 2,417. The total European sample comprised 12,478 respondents. In this paper, mean differences in general and domain-specific life satisfaction between the six countries including age groups and gender are reported and discussed with respect to contextual national characteristics. In general the findings showed a high level in all chosen indicators of life satisfaction across the six countries. National differences depended on the domain under consideration, but the results showed in general that The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Luxembourg and Austria had higher values of life satisfaction compared to Sweden and Italy.
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| 6. |
- Humborg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Silicon retention in river basins : Far-reaching effects on biogeochemistry and aquatic food webs in coastal marine environments
- 2000
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 29:1, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulation of rivers by damming as well as eutrophication in river basins has substantially reduced dissolved silicon (DSi) loads to the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea. Whereas removal of N and P in lakes and reservoirs can be compensated for by anthropogenic inputs in the drainage basins, no such compensation occurs for DSi. The resulting changes in the nutrient composition (DSi:N:P ratio) of river discharges seem to be responsible for dramatic shifts in phytoplankton species composition in the Black Sea. In the Baltic Sea, DSi concentrations and the DSi:N ratio have been decreasing since the end of the 1960s, and there are indications that the proportion of diatoms in the spring bloom has decreased while flagellates have increased. The effects on coastal biogeochemical cycles and food web structure observed in the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea may be far reaching, because it appears that the reductions in DSi delivery by rivers are probably occurring worldwide with the ever increasing construction of dams for flow regulation.
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| 7. |
- Rahm, F., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of chiral enantiopure 2-(hydroxyalkyl)pyridine derivatives. Use of the chiral pool
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 1. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1470-4358 .- 1364-5463. ; :12, s. 1983-1990
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enantiomerically pure 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)pyridines were prepared via reaction of 2-lithiopyridine with (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde, methyl (S)-2-methoxypropionate and methyl (S)-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetate, obtained from D-mannitol, L-lactic acid and L-mandelic acid, respectively. 6,6'-Bis(1-hydroxyalkyl)-2,2'-bipyridines were obtained from the same naturally occurring chiral compounds and 2-bromo-6-lithiopyridine with subsequent Ni-catalysed coupling.
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| 8. |
- Rahm, F., et al.
(författare)
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Pyridyl phosphinites and pyridyl phosphites from chiral pyridyl alcohols - A modular approach
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; :21, s. 4205-4215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chiral arylated pyridyl alcohols, pyridyl phosphinites and pyridyl phosphites were prepared by Suzuki arylation and/or O-functionalization with a chlorodiarylphosphane or a chloro-diarylphosphite of chiral 2-bromo-6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)pyridines or 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl) pyridines, with the chirality originating from the chiral pool. The pyridyl alcohols were assessed as catalysts for the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde and the P,N-ligands were employed in the palladium-catalysed substitutions of rac-1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate and rac-2-cyclohexenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. Moderate enantioselectivities were observed in the catalytic reactions. We observed kinetic resolution of the racemic acetate when using one of the phosphite ligands. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003).
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| 9. |
- Rahm, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen fixation in the Baltic proper : An empirical study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - 0924-7963. ; 25:3-4, s. 239-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for primary production in the eutrophic Baltic proper has been under debate. Based on only a limited number of actual measurements, nitrogen fixation has been assumed to be the only significant internal nitrogen source. It is then assumed that about one fifth of the net nitrogen load to the Baltic proper comes from nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria. An alternative or additional source is utilisation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). In the present study, we hypothesise that nitrogen fixation is the only internal source for inorganic nitrogen. This was done in order to investigate its potential to maintain net primary production during summer. If inorganic nitrogen is depleted after the spring bloom and if inorganic phosphorus still remains in significant concentrations, then a continuous decrease in phosphorus may be coupled to the net nitrogen fixation rate by cyanobacteria. The estimated phosphorus consumption is adjusted for external and internal inputs. An estimate of the assumed net annual nitrogen fixation based on the proper Redfield ratio in the surface layer down to the seasonal thermocline is calculated for a number of monitoring stations in the Baltic proper. Typical values of nitrogen fixation are in the range 10–130 μmol m−3 day−1. A simple integration over the Baltic proper gives an internal load in the range 30–260×103 ton N year−1. Another result is an east–west gradient in fixation rate that may reflect the nitrogen load.
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| 10. |
- Wulff, F., et al.
(författare)
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A nutrient budget model of the Baltic Sea.
- 2001
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Ingår i: A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 3540677690 - 9783540677697 ; , s. 353-372
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During recent decades, large-scale effects of pollution on marine estuaries and even entire enclosed coastal seas have become apparent. One of the first regions where this was observed is the Baltic Sea, whereby the appearance of anoxic deep basins, extensive algal blooms and elimination of top predators like eagles and seals indicated effects of both increased nutrient inputs and toxic substances.This book describes the physical, biochemical and ecological processes that govern inputs, distribution and ecological effects of nutrients and toxic substances in the Baltic Sea. Extensive reviews are supplemented by budgets and dynamic simulation models.This book is highly interdisciplinary and uses a systems approach for analyzing and describing a marine ecosystem. It gives an overview of the Baltic Sea, but is useful for any marine scientist studying large marine ecosystems.
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