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- Granqvist, Claes Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic foil-based devices : Optical transmittance and modulation range, effect of ultravioled irradiation, and quality assessment by 1/f current noise
- 2008
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 516:17, s. 5921-5926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce electrochromic (EC) technology for modulating the transmittance of visible light and solar radiation in window apertures, with focus on recent work on foil-type devices embodying sputter deposited WO3 and NiO films joined by a polymer electrolyte. The purpose of this paper is to present a number of new and preliminary results showing that (i) double-sided antireflection coatings based on dip coating can enhance the transmittance significantly, (ii) tandem foils can yield a ratio between bleached-state and colored-state transmittance exceeding fifty, (iii) solar irradiance onto the EC device can enhance its charge insertion dynamics and thereby its optical modulation, and (iv) electromagnetic noise spectroscopy may serve as quality assessment of EC devices.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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SCADA data and the quantification of hazardous events for QMRA
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Water and Health. - : IWA Publishing. - 1477-8920 .- 1996-7829. ; 5, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess the use of on-line monitoring to support the QMRA at water treatment plants studied in the EU MicroRisk project. SCADA data were obtained from diary records, grab three Catchment-to-Tap Systems (CTS) along with system descriptions, sample data and deviation reports. Particular attention was paid to estimating hazardous event frequency, duration and magnitude. Using Shewart and CUSUM we identified 'change-points' corresponding to events of between 10 min and > 1 month duration in timeseries data. Our analysis confirmed it is possible to quantify hazardous event durations from turbidity, chlorine residual and pH records and distinguish them from non-hazardous variability in the timeseries dataset. The durations of most 'events' were short-term (0.5-2.3 h). These data were combined with QMRA to estimate pathogen infection risk arising from such events as chlorination failure. its interpretation was While analysis of SCADA data alone could identify events provisionally, severely constrained in the absence of diary records and other system information. SCADA data analysis should only complement traditional water sampling, rather than replace it. More work on on-line data management, quality control and interpretation is needed before it can be used for event characterization routinely for event characterrisation.
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