| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Metal nanoparticles fabricated by green chemistry using natural extracts : biosynthesis, mechanisms, and applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 9:42, s. 24539-24559
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles (NPs) are new inspiring clinical targets that have emerged from persistent efforts with unique properties and diverse applications. However, the main methods currently utilized in their production are not environmentally friendly. With the aim of promoting a green approach for the synthesis of NPs, this review describes eco-friendly methods for the preparation of biogenic NPs and the known mechanisms for their biosynthesis. Natural plant extracts contain many different secondary metabolites and biomolecules, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and enzymes. Secondary metabolites can enable the reduction of metal ions to NPs in eco-friendly one-step synthetic processes. Moreover, the green synthesis of NPs using plant extracts often obviates the need for stabilizing and capping agents and yields biologically active shape- and size-dependent products. Herein, we review the formation of metallic NPs induced by natural extracts and list the plant extracts used in the synthesis of NPs. In addition, the use of bacterial and fungal extracts in the synthesis of NPs is highlighted, and the parameters that influence the rate of particle production, size, and morphology are discussed. Finally, the importance and uniqueness of NP-based products are illustrated, and their commercial applications in various fields are briefly featured.
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| 4. |
- Khalifa, Shaden A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Truffles : From Islamic culture to chemistry, pharmacology, and food trends in recent times
- 2019
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 91, s. 193-218
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many years back, during Islamic civilization, truffle (Kama'ah) was mentioned by Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) to be well recognized as a therapeutic for eye diseases. (In the Sahihain, it is narrated that the Prophet said: The Kama'ah (truffle) is among the manna (which is a food mentioned in the Qura'n, Surah alBagarah), and its water (extract or juice) cures the eye diseases). Truffles represent a large group of soil fungi belonging to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. Because of their exceptionally profitable protein, fat, polysaccharide, carbohydrate, ash, mineral, phenolic and other organic molecule contents, truffles have been appreciated as food, nutritional and therapeutic sources for many years. Scope and approach: The main aim of this review is to highlight a comprehensive compile of truffles traditional uses, mycochemistry, pharmacological properties and nutritional value with special focus on desert truffles. Such review represents a good candidate reference for future truffle research. Key findings and conclusions: In this review, we discuss the traditional aspects of truffles with reference to Prophetic Traditional Medicine (al-Tibb al-Nabawi) to cure aliments such as trachoma. The use of truffles is justified by many recent research findings with regards to their anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Although the molecular mechanism and functions of the different truffle species have been intensively studied, we look forward to translating these traditional remedies into preclinical and clinical applications.
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| 5. |
- Saeed, Nazeer T. Mohammed, 1985-
(författare)
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Semantic description and communication of going around in a simulated world
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, mobile robots have helped to link predictions, imaginations, and expectations to human life. The tsunami of research on mobile robots mirrors their importance in various fields, such as production, agriculture and medicine. Alongside the innovations in sensory solutions, we are witnessing more intelligent mobile robots performing more challenging tasks by using the massive amount of data gathered from various sensors. The excess of the sensory data increases the demand for processing sensory inputs in an understandable form for both - humans and robots. One approach for developing understandable processing and exchange is the use of semantic technology. Semantic technology is a major technology for building semantic knowledge bases in machine-readable form, with ontologies as a mature, flexible and well researched implementation.A considerable amount of research shows the existing impact of ontologies in the field of robotics. However, there is still a lack of work in regard to the real-time semantic knowledge acquisition from sensory outputs of different sensors for mobile robots and the use of sensory data for real-time ontology population and consequently natural language communication between humans and robots. This work employs semantic technology in the field of robotics to acquire a better understanding of an environment, navigated and sensed by a mobile robot and to continuously produce semantic information to facilitate communication between other robots and human beings.In this research, the Resource Description Framework (RDF), which is a semantic web standard, is utilized for the instant creation of semantic information from sensory outputs during navigation with a mobile robot. A novel approach for modeling complex RDF relations has been introduced; it uses a combination of sensory data from various sensors of a mobile robot to model single complex RDF-statements that represent inter-object relations between detected landmarks while exploring the environment with a mobile robot in a way that humans would express it. These statements are then collected and stored in an ontology, hence, a novel, efficient ontology is then designed for the real-time, online population; this is then tested in real-time. The proposed concept utilizes a natural language communication interface to facilitate real-time human-robot communication regarding the navigation and environment that has been explored.To evaluate the system, a mobile robot has been simulated and equipped with different sensors and placed in a simulated environment to navigate and explore the environment. While exploring, sensory data is collected and processed to model semantic information representing its tour and vision of its environment. The ontology is then populated with this information in real-time and is used by the system to facilitate natural language communication with the robot regarding its tour and the explored environment.The results show the real-time population of the ontology with RDF-statements created from sensory outputs representing the tour of the mobile robots and the environment in a semantic representation. The efficiency of the system in transforming sensory data into semantic information, the ability of the mobile robot to describe the real-world environment semantically, and also its ability to answer natural language questions regarding its tour and the environment are proof of the soundness of the proposed system.
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