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- Battistoni, G, et al.
(författare)
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FLUKA Monte Carlo calculations for hadrontherapy application
- 2013
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Ingår i: CERN-Proceedings-2012-002. ; , s. 461-467
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monte Carlo (MC) codes are increasingly spreading in the hadrontherapy community due to their detailed description of radiation transport and interaction with matter. The suitability of a MC code for application to hadrontherapy demands accurate and reliable physical models for the description of the transport and the interaction of all components of the expected radiation field (ions, hadrons, electrons, positrons and photons). This contribution will address the specific case of the general-purpose particle and interaction code FLUKA. In this work, an application of FLUKA will be presented, i.e. establishing CT (computed tomography)-based calculations of physical and RBE (relative biological effectiveness)-weighted dose distributions in scanned carbon ion beam therapy.
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- Payan-Carreira, R, et al.
(författare)
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Localization of tumor necrosis factor in the canine testis, epididymis and spermatozoa
- 2012
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Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 77:8, s. 1540-1548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as Tumor necrosis factor alpha is now regarded as a natural component of the mammalian seminal plasma (SP). Although not completely clarified, its functions in the SP have been associated with paradoxal roles, such as sperm survival in the female genital tract, while at high levels negatively affect sperm survival and fertility potential. Recently, it has been discovered that canine inseminated spermatozoa display a strong immunoreaction for TNF when lining the female endometrium. As a continuation of this finding, the present work aimed at documenting TNF localization in the canine testes and epididymis and in freshly ejaculated spermatozoa (SPZ) through immunohisto- or cytochemistry. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanImmunoreaction for TNF was found in all samples used. In the dog testis, TNF immunoexpression was limited to the seminiferous tubules, where late round spermatids (SPD) showed weak intensity of immunostaining, while elongating and elongated SPD evidenced moderate and the residual bodies a strong intensity. In the epididymis, a gradual progressive increase of TNF immunolabelling was found throughout the epididymal regions, ranging from a weak intensity at the caput epididymis to a moderate intensity at the cauda. TNF immunolabelling was found in mature SPZ during the epididymal transit and also in freshly ejaculated SPZ, which showed a strong midpiece immunolabelling. Data presented here provide important information on expression of TNF in spermatozoa, which is acquired by the SPZ during their formation at the testis. It further provides the basis for subsequent studies on the physiological importance of cytokines in sperm function.
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- PÉREZ-SUÁREZ, I, et al.
(författare)
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LEPTIN RECEPTOR MOLECULAR VARIANTS ARE DIFFERENTLY REGULATED BY EXERCISE AND ENERGY DEFICIT IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionLeptin signals in skeletal muscles through pathways which share some steps with the insulin and IGF1. We have recently shown that LEPR (OBR-170) is increased in the dominant arm of tennis players 1 and is reduced in deltoid and vastus lateralis (VL) of obese compared to control subjects 2. The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise up-regulates the protein abundance and phosphorylation status of the different molecular variations of the LEPR (OBR-170, 128, 98A or 98B) in human skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that exercise will up-regulate leptin signaling in skeletal muscle. MethodsFifteen overweight men underwent three experimental phases: pre-test (PRE); caloric restriction (3.2 Kcal/kg body Wt/d) + exercise (45min unilateral arm cranking/d + 8h walking/d) for 4 days (CRE); and control isoenergetic diet + reduced exercise for 3 days (CD). During CRE, the diet consisted solely of whey protein (PRO, n=8) or sucrose (SU, n=7) (0.8 g/kg body Wt/d). Muscle biopsies (135 biopsies in all) were obtained from the trained and untrained deltoid, and VL, after 12h fast at PRE, and end of CRE and CD. The molecular variants of LEPR (OBR-170, 128, 98A and 98B) were determined by western blot and LEPR mRNA by PCR. ResultsSerum leptin was reduced by ~60% following CRE and CD (P<0.05). LEPRs were more abundant in arm than leg muscles. LEPR mRNA was increased in exercised muscles after CRE. OBR-170 was reduced after CRE and CD only in the control arm (P<0.05). OBR-128 was increased after CD in exercised extremities (P<0.05). OBR-98A was increased after CRE in trained arm, and after CD in legs (P<0.05). However, OBR-98B was increased after CRE and CD in both arms and exercised extremities (P<0.05), being these effects more pronounced in the PRO group (P<0.05). After CD, LEPR mRNA returned to basal levels while LEPR expression was increased in all muscles (P<0.05). The fraction of LEPR activated (Tyr1141 phosphorylated) was reduced in arms but not in leg muscles. LEPR phosphorylation was correlated with JAK2 (upstream) and STAT3 (downstream) phosphorylation (r=0.67-0.89, P<0.05). DiscussionCaloric restriction seems to reduce the abundance of LEPR, but this effect varies depending on specific molecular variants of the receptor. The reduction of LEPR is partly counteracted by exercise, likely contributing to increase muscle leptin sensitivity. Whey protein ingestion facilitates these effects. Resuming normal food ingestion after a period of severe energy deficit is accompanied by increased expression LEPR in skeletal muscle.
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