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- Edgley, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence that mid‐lumbar neurones in reflex pathways from group II afferents are involved in locomotion in the cat.
- 1988
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 403, s. 57-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. A group of interneurons in the mid‐lumbar segments of the cat spinal cord which mediate disynaptic excitation or inhibition of motoneurones from group II muscle afferents have recently been described. To test the possibility that the activity of these interneurones is related to the activity in the neuronal networks which subserve locomotion we have investigated whether they are influenced by two procedures which can induce locomotion. These procedures were electrical stimulation within the cuneiform nucleus (the ‘mesencephalic locomotor region’) in anaesthetized preparations and systemic administration of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in decerebrate, spinalized, unanaesthetized preparations. The interneurones we have tested were located in the fourth lumbar (L4) segment and were excited by group II muscle afferents; more than half of them were antidromically activated from the hindlimb motor nuclei. 2. Stimuli applied in the cuneiform nucleus evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in a high proportion of these interneurones. The stimuli also evoked distinct extracellular field potentials in the ventral horn of the L4 segment. The properties and latencies of both the intra‐ and extracellularly recorded potentials show that they were evoked disynaptically, via supraspinally located relay neurones and a fast‐conducting descending tract. 3. Stimulation of the cortico‐ and rubrospinal tracts excited or inhibited some of the L4 neurones, often at latencies suggesting mono‐ or disynaptic coupling. The neurones which appeared to be monosynaptically excited from the cortico‐ and rubrospinal tracts tended to be located dorsal to the neurones which were activated from the cuneiform nucleus. 4. Systemic administration of DOPA depressed the responses evoked by stimulation of group II afferents of L4 interneurones which projected to motor nuclei. DOPA also depressed extracellular field potentials evoked by group II afferents in the intermediate zone and in the ventral horn (at the location of the interneurones) but hardly affected those in the dorsal horn. 5. By showing that both stimulation in the cuneiform nucleus and the administration of DOPA influence activity of L4 interneurones which are excited by group II afferents and which project to motor nuclei, the results of this study support the hypothesis that these neurones are in some way involved in locomotion. However, the opposing effects of DOPA administration and of stimulation in the cuneiform nucleus make the interpretation of their role in locomotion rather difficult before it is known to what extent they are active throughout the step cycle. © 1988 The Physiological Society
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- Sjogren, C
(författare)
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New temptations in SMC research
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-0080 .- 1471-0072. ; 13:5, s. 282-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Becker, Matthias
(författare)
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Consolidating Automotive Applications on Clustered Many-Core Platforms
- 2017
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Ingår i: SIGDA Student Research Forum at ASP-DAC ASP-DAC SRF'17.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased proliferation of automotive systems is leading to a paradigm shift in the automotive system architecture. Several, now distributed, applications will be consolidated on fewer, more powerful platforms, containing tens or hundreds of compute cores. Clustered many-core processors are a promising candidate for such systems, since each cluster provides enough computational power to host complex applications, while their intrinsic hardware architecture isolates different cluster from each other. The described PhD project works towards methods that allow the consolidation of automotive applications on clustered many-core architectures, while all their timing requirements are maintained. A contention-free execution framework is proposed that successfully diminishes the access-delays due to contention on shared resources within a cluster. In order to integrate complex end-to-end constraints on multi-rate chains, a method is proposed that allows the analysis of such chains and generates job-level dependencies. Such job-level dependencies can then be used to integrate the end-to-end constraints into the proposed execution framework. The applicability of the proposed methods to industrial problems is demonstrated via industrial case studies.
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- Berling, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient evaluation of multifactor dependent system performance using fractional factorial design
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - 0098-5589. ; 29:9, s. 769-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance of computer-based systems may depend on many different factors, internal and external. In order to design a system to have the desired performance or to validate that the system has the required performance, the effect of the influencing factors must be known. Common methods give no or little guidance on how to vary the factors during prototyping or validation. Varying the factors in all possible combinations would be too expensive and too time-consuming. This paper introduces a systematic approach to the prototyping and the validation of a system's performance, by treating the prototyping or validation as an experiment, in which the fractional factorial design methodology is commonly used. To show that this is possible, a case study evaluating the influencing factors of the false and real target rate of a radar system is described. Our findings show that prototyping and validation of system performance become structured and effective when using the fractional factorial design. The methodology enables planning, performance, structured analysis, and gives guidance for appropriate test cases. The methodology yields not only main factors, but also interacting factors. The effort is minimized for finding the results, due to the methodology. The case study shows that after 112 test Cases, of 1,024 possible, the knowledge gained was enough to draw conclusions on the effects and interactions of 10 factors. This is a reduction with a factor 5-9 compared to alternative methods.
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- Berling, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a Perspective Based Review Method Applied in an Industrial Setting
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEE proceedings Software. ; 150:3, s. 177-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspections are an important means for developing high quality software. The effects of using a perspective based review method with a testing perspective (PBRM(T)) on requirements specifications have been evaluated in an industrial project. PBRM(T) was employed and compared to the normal checklist-based review method (CBRM) which was used earlier in the project. The effects studied were 1) the effectiveness 2) the efficiency and 3) the number of system faults related to requirements specifications knowledge. Inspection data from CBRM and PBRM(T) were analyzed and compared. Problem report data were also analyzed and a small survey was used for evaluation of the two methods. PBRM(T) showed an effectiveness of 0.3 faults found per requirement compared with 0.05 with CBRM or 2.4 faults found per page compared with 0.5 with CBRM in this study. The efficiency with PBRM(T) was 1.9 faults found per hour compared with 1.2 with CBRM. The engineers expressed that they had gained a greater increase in system knowledge when having used PBRM(T) compared with CBRM. However, it is not possible in this case study to judge the causality of the effect. This case study indicates that the use of an active review method, such as PBRM(T), yields both a higher effectiveness and efficiency compared with a passive method, such as CBRM, when reviewing requirements specifications.
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