| 1. |
- Xiao, Chao, et al.
(author)
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RBBP6 increases radioresistance and serves as a therapeutic target for preoperative radiotherapy in colorectal cancer
- 2018
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In: Cancer Science. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1347-9032 .- 1349-7006. ; 109:4, s. 1075-1087
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radiotherapy (RT) can be used as preoperative treatment to downstage initially unresectable locally rectal carcinoma, but the radioresistance and recurrence remain significant problems. Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) has been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated whether the inhibition of RBBP6 expression would improve radiosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells. After SW620 and HT29 cells were exposed to radiation, the levels of RBBP6 mRNA and protein increased over time in both two cells. Moreover, a significant reduction in clonogenic survival and a decrease in cell viability in parallel with an obvious increase in cell apoptosis were demonstrated in irradiated RBBP6-knockdown cells. Besides, transfection with RBBP6 shRNA improved levels of G2-M phase arrest which blocked the cells in a more radiosensitive period of the cell cycle. These observations indicated that cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms may be connected with tumor cell survival following radiotherapy. In vivo, tumor growth rate of nude mice in RBBP6-knockdown group was significantly slower than that in other groups. These results indicated that RBBP6 overexpression could resist colorectal cancer cells against radiation by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis pathways, and inhibition of RBBP6 could enhance radiosensitivity of human colorectal cancer.
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| 2. |
- Harner, Tom, et al.
(author)
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Air synthesis review : polycyclic aromatic compounds in the oil sands region
- 2018
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In: Environmental Reviews. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 1181-8700 .- 1208-6053. ; 26:4, s. 430-468
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This air synthesis review presents the current state of knowledge on the sources, fates, and effects for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and related chemicals released to air in the oil sands region (OSR) in Alberta, Canada. Through the implementation of the Joint Canada-Alberta Oil Sands Monitoring Program in 2012 a vast amount of new information on PACs has been acquired through directed monitoring and research projects and reported to the scientific community and public. This new knowledge addresses questions related to cumulative effects and informs the sustainable management of the oil sands resource while helping to identify gaps in understanding and priorities for future work. As a result of this air synthesis review on PACs, the following topics have been identified as new science priorities: (i) improving emissions reporting to better account for fugitive mining emissions of PACs that includes a broader range of PACs beyond the conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including, inter alia, alkylated-PAHs (alk-PAHs), dibenzothiophene (DBT), alk-DBTs, nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs including quinones and thia-and aza-arenes; (ii) improving information on the ambient concentrations, long-range transport, and atmospheric deposition of these broader classes of PACs and their release (with co-contaminants) from different types of mining activities; (iii) further optimizing electricity-free and cost-effective approaches for assessing PAC deposition (e.g., snow sampling, lichens, passive ambient sampling) spatially across the OSR and downwind regions; (iv) designing projects that integrate monitoring efforts with source attribution models and ecosystem health studies to improve understanding of sources, receptors, and effects; (v) further optimizing natural deposition archives (e.g., sediment, peat, tree rings) and advanced forensic techniques (e.g., isotope analysis, marker compounds) to provide better understanding of sources of PACs in the OSR over space and time; (vi) conducting process research to improve model capabilities for simulating atmospheric chemistry of PACs and assessing exposure to wildlife and humans; and (vii) developing tools and integrated strategies for assessing cumulative risk to wildlife and humans by accounting for the toxicity of the mixture of chemicals in air rather than on a single compound basis.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Zhaohui, et al.
(author)
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Lightweight, Thin, and Flexible Silver Nanopaper Electrodes for High-Capacity Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Anodes
- 2018
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In: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 28:48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Owing to its resource-abundant and favorable theoretical capacity, sodium metal is regarded as a promising anode material for sodium metal batteries. However, uncontrolled Na plating/stripping, including Na dendrite growth during cycling, has hindered its practical application. Herein, a sodiophilic, thin, and flexible silver nanopaper (AgNP) is designed based on interpenetrated nanocellulose and silver nanowires and is used as a dendrite-free Na metal electrode. Due to a network of highly conducting silver nanowire (0.6 Ω sq?1, 8200 S cm?1), the sodiophilic nature of silver, and the reduced internal strain within the flexible AgNP, a compact Na metal layer can be uniformly deposited on and reversibly stripped from the AgNP electrode without any observations of Na dendrites during cycling at 1 mA cm?2 for 800 h. As the AgNP electrode is only 2 µm thick, with a low mass loading of 0.88 mg cm?2, the AgNP?Na anode deposited with a Na deposition charge of 6 mAh cm?2 exhibits a capacity of 995 mAh g?1AgNP?Na, approaching that of a Na metal anode (1166 mAh g?1Na). The present approach provides new possibilities for the development of lightweight and stable metal batteries.
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