| 251. |
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| 252. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Approximate Bayesianity of frequentist confidence intervals for a binomial proportion
- 2017
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In: American Statistician. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-1305 .- 1537-2731. ; 71, s. 106-111
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The well-known Wilson and Agresti–Coull confidence intervals for a binomial proportion p are centered around a Bayesian estimator. Using this as a starting point, similarities between frequentist confidence intervals for proportions and Bayesian credible intervals based on low-informative priors are studied using asymptotic expansions. A Bayesian motivation for a large class of frequentist confidence intervals is provided. It is shown that the likelihood ratio interval for p approximates a Bayesian credible interval based on Kerman’s neutral noninformative conjugate prior up to O(n− 1) in the confidence bounds. For the significance level α ≲ 0.317, the Bayesian interval based on the Jeffreys’ prior is then shown to be a compromise between the likelihood ratio and Wilson intervals. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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| 253. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-
(author)
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Essays on Estimation Methods for Factor Models and Structural Equation Models
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis which consists of four papers is concerned with estimation methods in factor analysis and structural equation models. New estimation methods are proposed and investigated.In paper I an approximation of the penalized maximum likelihood (ML) is introduced to fit an exploratory factor analysis model. Approximated penalized ML continuously and efficiently shrinks the factor loadings towards zero. It naturally factorizes a covariance matrix or a correlation matrix. It is also applicable to an orthogonal or an oblique structure.Paper II, a simulation study, investigates the properties of approximated penalized ML with an orthogonal factor model. Different combinations of penalty terms and tuning parameter selection methods are examined. Differences in factorizing a covariance matrix and factorizing a correlation matrix are also explored. It is shown that the approximated penalized ML frequently improves the traditional estimation-rotation procedure.In Paper III we focus on pseudo ML for multi-group data. Data from different groups are pooled and normal theory is used to fit the model. It is shown that pseudo ML produces consistent estimators of factor loadings and that it is numerically easier than multi-group ML. In addition, normal theory is not applicable to estimate standard errors. A sandwich-type estimator of standard errors is derived.Paper IV examines properties of the recently proposed polychoric instrumental variable (PIV) estimators for ordinal data through a simulation study. PIV is compared with conventional estimation methods (unweighted least squares and diagonally weighted least squares). PIV produces accurate estimates of factor loadings and factor covariances in the correctly specified confirmatory factor analysis model and accurate estimates of loadings and coefficient matrices in the correctly specified structure equation model. If the model is misspecified, robustness of PIV depends on model complexity, underlying distribution, and instrumental variables.
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| 254. |
- Jirström, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The State and Green Revolutions in East Asia
- 2005
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In: The African Food Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Green Revolution. - UK : CABI Publishing. - 0851999980 ; , s. 25-42
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 255. |
- Johannessen, Åse, et al.
(author)
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Klimatförändring inte enda orsak till översvämningarna
- 2018
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In: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 30/3. Översvämningar lyfts ofta som klimatfrågor eller som behov av skydd mot extrema väderhändelser. Då glöms andra viktiga orsaker bort, som hur vi använder marken och utvecklar bebyggelse. Tyvärr finns stora problem med styrningen av vattenhanteringen i dag, som bidrar till att skapa problem i stället för att förebygga dem, skriver åtta vattenexperter.
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| 256. |
- Johannessen, Åse, et al.
(author)
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Tiden har runnit ikapp Sverige : Sju principer för god vattenstyrning och hantering
- 2019
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In: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 75:4, s. 371-381
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We argue in this paper that Swedish urban areas have several urgent challenges when it comes to water governance and we propose seven principles for addressing them. Climate change and urban growth call for swift action to manage both water scarcity and flooding in an integrated way. This paper focuses on the municipal level for which we argue that there is a need for a more systematic approach. The seven principles require an engaged and knowledgeable political force at national, regional and municipal level. We call for governance at river basin level, better risk prevention in planning, adequate incentives to invest in nature-based solutions, adapted legislation, adapted organisation and strategic collaboration, increased citizen engagement, and knowledge support from research. We also mention some of the well-functioning and promising initiatives that already make a difference in today’s urban water governance and management.
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| 257. |
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| 258. |
- Johansson, Senia, et al.
(author)
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Cytotoxicity of digitoxin and related cardiac glycosides in human tumor cells
- 2001
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In: Anti-Cancer Drugs. - 0959-4973 .- 1473-5741. ; 12:5, s. 475-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The saponin digitonin, the aglycone digitoxigenin and five cardiac glycosides were evaluated for cytotoxicity using primary cultures of tumor cells from patients and a human cell line panel (representing different cytotoxic drug-resistance patterns). Of these seven compounds, proscillaridin A was the most potent (IC(50): 6.4--76 nM), followed by digitoxin, and then ouabain, digoxin, lanatoside C, digitoxigenin and digitonin. Correlation analysis of the log IC(50) values for the cell lines in the panel showed that compound cytotoxicity was only slightly influenced by resistance mechanisms that involved P-glycoprotein, topoisomerase II, multidrug resistance-associated protein and glutathione-mediated drug resistance. Digitoxin and digoxin expressed selective toxicity against solid tumor cells from patients, while proscillaridin A expressed no selective toxicity against either solid or hematological tumor cells. The results revealed marked differences in cytotoxicity between the cardiac glycosides, both in potency and selectivity, and modes of action for cytotoxicity that differ from that of commonly used anticancer drugs.
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| 259. |
- Johansson, S., et al.
(author)
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Small, novel proteins from the mistletoe Phoradendron tomentosum exhibit highly selective cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cells
- 2003
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In: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 60:1, s. 165-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four novel proteins (phoratoxins C-F) have been isolated from the North American mistletoe Phoradendron tomentosum. The amino acid sequences of these phoratoxins were determined unambiguously using a combination of Edman degradation and trypsin enzymatic digestion, and by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry sequencing. Phoratoxins C, E and F consist of 46 amino acid residues; and phoratoxin D of 41. All proteins had six cysteines, similar to the earlier described phoratoxins A and B, which are thionins. The cytotoxicity of each protein was evaluated in a human cell line panel that represented several cytotoxic drug-resistance mechanisms. For the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values) of the different cell lines in the panel, correlation with those of standard drugs was low. The most potent cytotoxic phoratoxin C was further tested on primary cultures of human tumor cells from patients. The solid tumor samples from breast cancer cells were 18 times more sensitive to phoratoxin C than the tested hematological tumor samples.
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| 260. |
- Johnell, Matilda, et al.
(author)
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Cell adhesion and tissue factor upregulation in oxygenators used during coronary artery bypass grafting are modified by the Corline Heparin Surface
- 2002
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In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 36:6, s. 351-357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with inflammatory response and activation of coagulation. We investigated the influence of a new heparin surface on the activation of cells retrieved from oxygenators used during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). DESIGN: Sixty patients undergoing CABG with CPB were randomly assigned to either uncoated or completely Corline Heparin Surface (CHS)-coated circuits with one of three different levels of systemic heparin: standard, high or low. At end of surgery adhered cells were retrieved from the oxygenators and cell count, tissue factor (TF)- and CD11b-expression on monocytes and monocytic TFmRNA were analysed. RESULTS: The heparin coating of the oxygenator prevented adhesion of granulocytes, monocytes and platelets. TF-expression on monocytes from the oxygenators was significantly higher than on circulating cells in all groups. Monocytes from the uncoated oxygenators showed low levels of TF-expression with high levels of TFmRNA. The coated group with high level of heparin showed higher surface-expression of TF with low levels of TFmRNA. CONCLUSION: The CHS was most biocompatible with the standard level of heparin used during CABG whereas elevation of systemic heparin rather increased the activation and TF upregulation in monocytes from oxygenators.
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