| 21. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
School health promotion to increase empowerment, gender equality and pupil participation : A focus group study of a Swedish elementary school initiative
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 57:1, s. 54-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A school health promotion project was carried out in an elementary school in Sweden where active participation, gender equality, and empowerment were leading principles. The objective of the study was to understand challenges and to identify social processes of importance for such a project. Focus group interviews were conducted with 6 single-sex groups (7–12 year olds) in grade 1–2, grade 3–4, and grade 5–6 on 2 occasions. The analysis used a grounded theory approach. The analysis identified the core category “normalization processes of violence and harassment.” It is argued that school health promotion initiatives need to be aware of normalization processes of violence and, which may be counter-productive to the increase of empowerment and participation among all pupils.
|
|
| 22. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Young students as participants in school health promotion: an intervention study in a Swedish elementary school
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 68:5, s. 498-507
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The aim was to analyse if young students could be substantive participants in a healthpromoting school project. The specific aims were to analyse the changes the students proposed in their school environment, how these changes were prioritized by a school health committee and to discuss the students' proposals and the changes from a health and gender perspective. Study design. An intervention project was carried out in an elementary school with students (about 150) in Grades 1 through 6. The intervention included small-group discussions about health promoting factors, following a health education model referred to as "It's your decision." At the last of 6 discussions, the students made suggestions for health-promoting changes in their school environment. A health committee was established with students and staff for the purpose of initiating changes based on the proposals. Methods. A content analysis was used to analyse the proposals and the protocols developed by the health committee. Results. The analysis showed 6 categories of the students' proposals: social climate, influence on schoolwork, structure and orderliness, security, physical environment and food for well-being. Their priorities corresponded to the students' categories, but had an additional category regarding health education. Conclusions. Principles that guide promoting good health in schools can be put into action among students as young as those in Grades 1 through 6. Future challenges include how to convey experiences and knowledge to other schools and how to evaluate if inequalities in health because of gender, class and ethnicity can be reduced through the focus on empowerment and participation.
|
|
| 23. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Central gender theoretical concepts in health research : the state of the art
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 68:2, s. 185-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite increasing awareness of the importance of gender perspectives in health science, there is conceptual confusion regarding the meaning and the use of central gender theoretical concepts. We argue that it is essential to clarify how central concepts are used within gender theory and how to apply them to health research. We identify six gender theoretical concepts as central and interlinked-but problematic and ambiguous in health science: sex, gender, intersectionality, embodiment, gender equity and gender equality. Our recommendations are that: the concepts sex and gender can benefit from a gender relational theoretical approach (ie, a focus on social processes and structures) but with additional attention to the interrelations between sex and gender; intersectionality should go beyond additive analyses to study complex intersections between the major factors which potentially influence health and ensure that gendered power relations and social context are included; we need to be aware of the various meanings given to embodiment, which achieve an integration of gender and health and attend to different levels of analyses to varying degrees; and appreciate that gender equality concerns absence of discrimination between women and men while gender equity focuses on women's and men's health needs, whether similar or different. We conclude that there is a constant need to justify and clarify our use of these concepts in order to advance gender theoretical development. Our analysis is an invitation for dialogue but also a call to make more effective use of the knowledge base which has already developed among gender theorists in health sciences in the manner proposed in this paper.
|
|
| 24. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of barriers and facilitators to weight-loss in a diet intervention : a qualitative study of women in Northern Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6874. ; 14, s. 59-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a lack of research about the experiences of participating in weight-reducing interventions. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators to weight-loss experienced by participants in a diet intervention for middle-aged to older women in the general population in Northern Sweden.METHOD: In the intervention the women were randomised to eat either a Palaeolithic-type diet or a diet according to Nordic Nutrition recommendations for 24 months. A strategic selection was made of women from the two intervention groups as well as from the drop-outs in relation to social class, civil status and age. Thematic structured interviews were performed with twelve women and analysed with qualitative content analyses.RESULTS: The results showed that the women in the dietary intervention experienced two main barriers - struggling with self (related to difficulties in changing food habits, health problems, lack of self-control and insecurity) and struggling with implementing the diet (related to social relations and project-related difficulties) - and two main facilitators- striving for self-determination (related to having clear goals) and receiving support (from family/friends as well as from the project) - for weight-loss. There was a greater emphasis on barriers than on facilitators.CONCLUSION: It is important to also include drop-outs from diet interventions in order to fully understand barriers to weight-loss. A gender-relational approach can bring new insights into understanding experiences of barriers to weight-loss.
|
|
| 25. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Health and masculinities shaped by agency within structures among young unemployed men in a northern Swedish context
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of our paper was to explore expressions of life choices and life chances (aspects of agency within structures) related to power and experiences of health among early unemployed adolescent young men during the transition period to adulthood. These expressions of agency within structure were interpreted in the light of Cockerham’s Health Lifestyles Theory. Furthermore, social constructions of masculinities were addressed in our analysis.Repeated interviews with ten young men in a cohort of school leavers were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Cockerham’s model was useful for interpreting our findings and we found disposition to act to be a crucial theoretical tool to capture the will and intentions of participants in relation to health. We developed the model in the following ways: structure and socialization were visualized as surrounding the whole model. Analyses of what enhances or restricts power are important. In addition to practices of health lifestyles, we added experiences of health as outcome as well as emotional aspects in disposition to act. We interpret our findings as constructions of masculinities within certain structures, in relation to choices, habitus and practices.Qualitative research could contribute to develop the understanding of the agency within structure relationships. Future studies need to pay attention to experiences of health among young people at the margin of the labor market in various milieus – and to analyze these in relation to gender constructions and within the frame-work of agency within structure.
|
|
| 26. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Living in the shadow of unemployment - an unhealthy life situation : a qualitative study of young people from leaving school until early adult life
- 2019
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BMC. - 1471-2458. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the magnitude of youth unemployment there is a lack of studies, which explore the relations between health experiences and labour market position in various contexts. The aim of this paper was to analyse health experiences among young people in NEET (not in education, employment or training) in relation to labour market position from leaving school until early adult life.METHOD: The population consists of everyone (six women, eight men) who became unemployed directly after leaving compulsory school in a town in Northern Sweden. Repeated personal interviews were performed from age 16 until age 33. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: Health experiences can be viewed as a contextual process, related to the different phases of leaving school, entering the labour market, becoming unemployed and becoming employed. Perceived relief and hope were related to leaving compulsory school, while entering the labour market was related to setbacks and disappointments as well as both health-deteriorating and health-promoting experiences depending on the actual labour market position. Our overarching theme of "Living in the shadow of unemployment - an unhealthy life situation" implies that it is not only the actual situation of being unemployed that is problematic but that the other phases are also coloured by earlier experiences of unemployment .CONCLUSION: A focus on young people's health experiences of transitions from school into the labour market brings a new focus on the importance of macroeconomic influence on social processes and contextualised mechanisms from a life-course perspective.
|
|
| 27. |
- Hörnqwist Bylund, Sonya, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences and consequences for women with hand-arm vibration
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 35:4, s. 431-439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrating machines are used in a variety of occupations. Exposure to hand-arm vibration can cause vascular, neurological, and muscular symptoms in the hands and arms. This qualitative study provides a deeper understanding of the consequences of vibration injuries in women. In depth interviews were conducted with eight women with vibration injuries. The women were metal and wood product assemblers and dental personnel. The transcribed interviews were analyzed in accordance with the grounded theory method.The core category in the findings was "{another life}". This was constructed by the categories "consequences for everyday activities", "work performance", "household duties", "leisure", and "self perception" and shows that the injury had affected most parts of the women's lives and decreased their quality of life. The importance of well-functioning hands in all activities was highlighted. Reduced hand function due to numbness, muscle weakness, and pain caused restricted abilities to perform activities at work, at home, and during leisure time. The women described impact on their self-perception, as the injury had affected them in their roles as a worker, mother, and woman. The findings indicate that a vibration injury is a multidimensional problem that can affect every aspect of an individual's life. Health care providers should be aware of these complex consequences.
|
|
| 28. |
- Kadi, F., et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of different training programs on the trapezius muscle of women with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 100:3, s. 253-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effects of training on the structural characteristics of the trapezius muscle in women with work-related trapezius myalgia. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 10 weeks of three different training programs (strength, endurance and coordination). Enzyme-immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess muscle fibre types, fibre area, capillary supply and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. There was an increase in the proportion of type LIA fibres in strength trained group (P < 0.05). Strength training elicited a preferential increase in the area of type II fibres (P < 0.05); both strength and endurance programs induced an increase in the number of capillaries around type I and IIA muscle fibres. Finally, all training programs induced a decrease in the proportion of COX-negative fibres. In conclusion, the trapezius muscle of women with neck and shoulder myalgia is characterised by a great potential of adaptation to physical exercise over a period of 10 weeks. The significant changes in the number of capillaries and the specific changes induced by training at the level of muscle fibres might well explain the improvement of muscle function.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Khatun, Masuma, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of factors identified in adolescence and early adulthood on social class inequities of musculoskeletal disorders at age 30 : A prospective population-based cohort study
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : International Epidemiological Association. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 33:6, s. 1353-1360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Social class inequities have been observed for mostmeasures of health. A greater understanding of the relativeimportance of different explanations is required. In this prospectivepopulation-based cohort study we explored the contribution offactors, ascertained at different stages between adolescenceand early adulthood, to social class inequities in musculoskeletaldisorders (MSD) at age 30.Methods We used data from 547 men and 497 women from a townin north Sweden who were baseline examined at age 16 and followedup to age 30. Using logistic regression models, we estimatedthe unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for MSD for blue-collar versuswhite-collar workers in men and women separately. We assessedthe contribution of different factors identified between adolescenceand early adulthood by comparing the unadjusted OR for socialclass differences with OR adjusted for these explanatory factors.Results We found significant class differences at age 30 withhigher MSD among blue-collar workers (OR = 2.03 in men [95%CI: 1.42, 2.90] and 1.98 in women [95% CI: 1.29, 3.02]). Afteradjustment for explanatory factors, class differences decreasedand were no longer significant, with OR of 1.20 in men (95%CI: 0.76, 1.95) and 1.18 in women (95% CI: 0.69, 2.03). Schoolgrades at age 16; being single and alcohol consumption at age21; having children, restricted financial resources, physicalactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and working conditionsat age 30 were important for men; parents' social class, schoolgrade, smoking and physical activity at age 16; being singleat age 21; and working conditions at age 30 were important forwomen.Conclusion The accumulation of adverse behavioural and socialcircumstances from adolescence to early adulthood may be anexplanation for the class differences in MSD at age 30. Interventionsaimed at reducing health inequities need to consider exploratoryfactors identified at early and later stages in life, also includingstructural determinants of health.
|
|
