| 33851. |
- Slavica, Karajicic, 1982-
(författare)
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Patient-centred care (PCC) as idea, process and practice
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis contributes to the stream of studies that indicate a transformation of the future education of medical professionals to better address patients’ needs and promote a positive attitude towards patientcentredness in medical education. The main goal is to identify the characteristics of patient-centred care (PCC) as ideas, processes, and practices from a medical student’s perspective in Portugal and Sweden. The comparative study aims to answer where the differences between these two students’ groups stand within PCC education, patient-centred beliefs, and self-perceived ability to practice PCC and, specifically, how Portuguese medical students perceive Portuguese PCC practice and potential barriers. Quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative data collection (curriculum analysis and interviews) are performed. Curriculum analysis indicates that learning about the PCC phenomena in both countries is fragmented across the various courses, considering that in Portugal a significant number (40%) of courses are elective. While the Portuguese curricula focus on the knowledge, the Swedish encourages skills development. Medical students show more caring than sharing attitudes in both countries, and female medical students have a more positive attitude toward PCC. Previous work experience does not affect the attitudes of a medical student to the PCC; nonetheless, it does affect the self-perception of medical student confidence in the information and power-sharing segment and dealing with communicative challenges. Portuguese students consider that the barriers to the implementation of the PCC in Portuguese practice come from the system, doctor, and patient. The implications of the study findings are discussed concerning both wider theoretical perspectives and practical solutions for policymakers and doctors on these aspects of their work. The present study reveals the need for developing an In-Service PCC Guide with all the key elements and activities that reflect the essence of the PCC concept in practice, and that could help medical students when they start their daily practical work with patients.
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| 33852. |
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| 33853. |
- Slovic, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Iconic photographs and the ebb and flow of empathic response to humanitarian disasters
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:4, s. 640-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power of visual imagery is well known, enshrined in such familiar sayings as "seeing is believing" and "a picture is worth a thousand words." Iconic photos stir our emotions and transform our perspectives about life and the world in which we live. On September 2, 2015, photographs of a young Syrian child, Aylan Kurdi, lying face-down on a Turkish beach, filled the front pages of newspapers worldwide. These images brought much-needed attention to the Syrian war that had resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths and created millions of refugees. Here we present behavioral data demonstrating that, in this case, an iconic photo of a single child had more impact than statistical reports of hundreds of thousands of deaths. People who had been unmoved by the relentlessly rising death toll in Syria suddenly appeared to care much more after having seen Aylan's photograph; however, this newly created empathy waned rather quickly. We briefly examine the psychological processes underlying these findings, discuss some of their policy implications, and reflect on the lessons they provide about the challenges to effective intervention in the face of mass threats to human well-being.
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| 33854. |
- Slovic, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Virtuous violence from the war room to death row
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:34, s. 20474-20482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How likely is it that someone would approve of using a nuclear weapon to kill millions of enemy civilians in the hope of ending a ground war that threatens thousands of American troops? Ask them how they feel about prosecuting immigrants, banning abortion, supporting the death penalty, and protecting gun rights and you will know. This is the finding from two national surveys of Democrats and Republicans that measured support for punitive regulations and policies across these four seemingly unrelated issues, and a fifth, using nuclear weapons against enemy civilians (in survey 1) or approving of disproportionate killing with conventional weapons (in survey 2). Those who support these various policies that threaten harm to many people tend to believe that the victims are blameworthy and it is ethical to take actions or policies that might harm them. This lends support to the provocative notion of "virtuous violence" put forth by Fiske and Rai [A. P. Fiske, T. S. Rai, Virtuous Violence: Hurting and Killing to Create, Sustain, End, and Honor Social Relationships (2014)], who assert that people commit violence because they believe it is the morally right thing to do. The common thread of punitiveness underlying and connecting these issues needs to be recognized, understood, and confronted by any society that professes to value fundamental human rights and wishes to prevent important decisions from being affected by irrelevant and harmful sociocultural and political biases.
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| 33855. |
- Sluka, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder dynamics in the EU forest energy sector: key issues to manage and ways forward
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 9:1, s. 51-71
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU forest biomass demand is increasing rapidly under policy stimuli, as biofuels are important for EU utilities to reach EU 2020 renewables goal. The import of large amounts will be required, but stakeholders have sustainability concerns. Utilities are adopting self-regulatory certification schemes to reduce stakeholder pressures but the interplay between these efforts, stakeholder and policy dynamics, and business risks is not well understood. This study uses literature, interviews, and a survey of 120 stakeholders to delineate influential actors in the discourse, principal concerns, and ways to ameliorate opposition and risk. The work finds many actors opposed to forest energy systems, and shows how critique is directed toward a nexus of industry and policymakers. It also indicates that critics have an ascendant status and can catalyze changes in policy and business practice in response to their concerns. Key concerns involve carbon, biodiversity, and deforestation; however, it is found that self-governance systems do not yet incorporate metrics to meet emerging expectations. The study concludes that efforts must deliver robust track records of strong ecological, climate, and social performance for forest energy supply chains to allay concerns - as distinct from just sustainability certification'. Work must include increased efforts to source woody biomass from the EU-27(+) to engender trust in forest energy actors, and scientific studies to delineate strong' versus weak' carbon and temporal carbon' performance for forest energy systems. This also suggests a need to delineate silvicultural regimes that facilitate the management of forest energy supply chains for improved carbon performance. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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| 33856. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of safeguarding systems for the use of pesticides within Swedish financed programmes in Tanzania
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasing the agricultural productivity among small-holder farmers is an important objective of several programmes in Asia and Africa supported by Swedish development cooperation. In several of these programmes, increasing farmers’ access to agricultural inputs, including pesticides, play an important role. This study departs from a concern that paraquat and other hazardous pesticides were used by farmers participating in Swedish supported programmes in Tanzania. Based on a desk review and interviews in Tanzania and Sweden, the purpose of the present study has been to review safeguard mechanisms for the use of pesticides in three Swedish supported programmes in Tanzania and to provide input to methodological development on how Sida can contribute to responsible use of pesticides in supported programmes.
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| 33857. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder Interaction in Research Processes - A Guide for Researchers and Research Groups
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many research projects, stakeholder interaction is ad hoc rather than strategic and systematic. This guide provides advice on good practice, strategies and tools for researchers and research groups interested in finding effective ways to involve stakeholders in their research and have an impact on society.
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| 33858. |
- Slätmo, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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The Framing of Sustainability in Sustainability Assessment Frameworks for Agriculture
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sociologia Ruralis. - : Wiley. - 0038-0199 .- 1467-9523. ; 57, s. 378-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various frameworks for assessing sustainability in agriculture have emerged in recent years. We analysed how sustainability is framed as a governing concept for agriculture within three such frameworks. The results suggest that in all three frameworks sustainability is perceived as a fixed, definable end goal, rather than a process, and its assumed that if all stake holders understand each other and are informed about the negative impacts of agriculture, sustainability will be achieved. The characteristics of the assessment frameworks, which are primarily developed by and based on expert knowledge, provide limited possibilities for farmers to influence how sustainable agriculture is framed and acted upon, limiting the utility of the frameworks. A number of challenges that need to be solved for successful implementation were uncovered, including how assessment frameworks should be used in practice and identification of conflicts between different goals in relation to assessment results.
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| 33859. |
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| 33860. |
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