| 1. |
- Cronie, Ottmar, et al.
(författare)
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Functional marked point processes : Unifying spatio-temporal frameworks and analysing spatially dependent functional data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Statistical Analysis for Space-Time Data. - : Eurpean Courses in Advanced Statistics (ECAS). ; , s. 7-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper treats functional marked point processes (FMPPs), which are defined as marked point processes where the marks are random elements in some (Polish) function space. Such marks may represent e.g. spatial paths or functions of time. To be able to consider e.g. multivariate FMPPs, we also attach an additionally, Euclidean, mark to each point. We indicate how the FMPP framework quite naturally connects the point process framework with both the functional data analysis framework and the geostatistical framework; in particular we define spatio-temporal geostatistical marking for point processes. We further show that various existing stochastic models fit well into the FMPP framework, in particular marked point processes with real valued marks. To be able to carry out non-parametric statistical analyses for functional marked point patterns, we study characteristics such as product densities and Palm distributions, which are the building blocks for summary statistics such as marked inhomogeneous J-functions and our so-called K-functionals. We finally apply these statistical tools to analyse a few different functional marked point patterns.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ghorbani, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Functional marked point processes : a natural structure to unify spatio-temporal frameworks and to analyse dependent functional data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Test (Madrid). - : Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa (Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research). - 1133-0686 .- 1863-8260. ; 30:3, s. 529-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper treats functional marked point processes (FMPPs), which are defined as marked point processes where the marks are random elements in some (Polish) function space. Such marks may represent, for example, spatial paths or functions of time. To be able to consider, for example, multivariate FMPPs, we also attach an additional, Euclidean, mark to each point. We indicate how the FMPP framework quite naturally connects the point process framework with both the functional data analysis framework and the geostatistical framework. We further show that various existing stochastic models fit well into the FMPP framework. To be able to carry out nonparametric statistical analyses for FMPPs, we study characteristics such as product densities and Palm distributions, which are the building blocks for many summary statistics. We proceed to defining a new family of summary statistics, so-called weighted marked reduced moment measures, together with their nonparametric estimators, in order to study features of the functional marks. We further show how other summary statistics may be obtained as special cases of these summary statistics. We finally apply these tools to analyse population structures, such as demographic evolution and sex ratio over time, in Spanish provinces.
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| 4. |
- Iftimi, Adina, et al.
(författare)
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Second-order analysis of marked inhomogeneous spatio-temporal point processes : applications to earthquake data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. - : Wiley. - 0303-6898 .- 1467-9469. ; 46:3, s. 661-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To analyse interactions in marked spatio-temporal point processes (MSTPPs), we introduce marked second-order reduced moment measures and K-functions for inhomogeneous second-order intensity reweighted stationary MSTPPs. These summary statistics, which allow us to quantify dependence between different mark-based classifications of the points, are depending on the specific mark space and mark reference measure chosen. Unbiased and consistent minus-sampling estimators are derived for all statistics considered and a test for random labelling is indicated. In addition, we treat Voronoi intensity estimators for MSTPPs. These new statistics are finally employed to analyse an Andaman sea earthquake data set.
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| 5. |
- Eckardt, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Marked spatial point processes : current state and extensions to point processes on linear networks
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics. - : Springer Nature. - 1085-7117 .- 1537-2693. ; 29, s. 346-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the applications of spatial point processes, it is increasingly becoming common that events are labelled by marks, prompting an exploration beyond the spatial distribution of events by incorporating the marks in the undertaken analysis. In this paper, we first consider marked spatial point processes in R2, where marks are either integer-valued, real-valued, or object-valued, and review the state-of-the-art to analyze the spatial structure and type of interaction/correlation between marks. More specifically, we review cross/dot-type summary characteristics, mark-weighted summary characteristics, various mark correlation functions, and frequency domain approaches. We also propose novel cross/dot-type higher-order summary characteristics, mark-weighted summary characteristics, and mark correlation functions for marked point processes on linear networks. Through a simulation study, we show that ignoring the underlying network gives rise to erroneous conclusions about the interaction/correlation between marks. Finally, we consider two applications: the locations of two different proteins on the membranes of cells infected with the influenza virus and the locations of public trees along the street network of Vancouver, Canada, where trees are labelled by their diameters at breast height.
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| 6. |
- Davydenko, Sofia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Marked on the voice : the visibility experiences of Russian heritage migrants following the war against Ukraine
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied Linguistics Review. - : De Gruyter Open. - 1868-6303 .- 1868-6311. ; 0:0, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identities fundamental to the self, such as race and gender, can operatethrough visual markers on the body. Identities related to a person’s heritage, ornationality, can also become visible. However, when physical appearance means thata person can pass as a member of a dominant group, being identified or ‘marked’ asother takes place through language use. In migration contexts, situations where aperson’s heritage or nationality is revealed can lead to experiences of vulnerability.This study investigated the experiences of five Russian-speaking women living inSweden whose migrant backgrounds were not visibly noticeable, up until the pointthat interaction was initiated. Interviews were carried out in the summer of 2022during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Data was analysed using a double hermeneutic approach. Findings revealed how, following the outbreak of the war, the fearof becoming visible increased. Fears of exposure triggered vigilant behaviours, andan experience of needing to regulate visibility. Results show how the experience ofhaving situational control over visibility could buffer against emotional pain causedby perceptions of negative positionings, and the risk of prejudicial treatment.
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| 7. |
- Borgen, Turid, 1957-
(författare)
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Mellom samfunnsoppdrag og marked : En studie av utviklingen av sjefredaktørrollen i utvalgte norske og svenske mediehus fra 1985 til 2015
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation analyses changes in the role of editors-in-chief in ten leading Norwegian and Swedish media houses – today owned by either Bonnier or Schibsted – in light of the potential tensions between journalistic ideals and market demands. This duality is studied over a period of 30 years, from 1985 to 2015. The most defining changes in the structural framework under which editors-in-chief work are the ongoing technological revolution, the transformation from an analogue into a digital society, and structural, economic changes related to this development. Methodologically, the study builds on data from qualitative in-depth interviews, mainly with 33 past and present editors-in-chief. It also contains a study of how the role of editors-in-chief has been reported and discussed in the magazines of two media branch organisations. The changing role of editors-in-chief is analysed within an institutional perspective. The main empirical results are as follows: (1) Owners and company management have considered the recruitment of editors-in-chief to be highly important throughout the period, and they have used their influence actively. Internal recruitment processes are a standard procedure. Very few of those chosen are women; men recruit other men. The last decade shows a recruitment process becoming more centralized and professionalized. (2) Most editors-in-chief represented in the study have a background in the newsroom. This has traditionally been the main qualification. (3) Regular meetings have structured most of the working hours for editors-in-chief. From an institutional perspective, meetings have played a norm-setting and ritualised role. During the last decade, some of those meetings have included not only journalists but also employees from other departments. (4) Those respondents who were active during the last period investigated perceive the increased speed of work on a daily basis and the more complex editorial role as the main changes and challenges. (5) Many of the respondents are so-called ‘silent’ editors. Due to a lack of time, they do not write much in their own papers. Lately, this has changed to some extent, especially among Swedish editors. This finding is one of the major differences between Norwegian and Swedish editors-in-chief. (6) Editors are still responsible for journalistic content, but demands on the part of commercial management have gradually become more important, and strategic decisions have become more centralized. The metaphor about the need to balance the demands of the ‘Marketplace and Cathedral’ has been replaced by the metaphor ‘We are all in the same boat’. The journalistic institution is under pressure. (7) Despite the immense technological and economic changes in the business and in the structural framework, there is also stability in the role due to the robust nature of journalism as an institution. The role of editor-in-chief is complex, and during the last 30 years, it has become even more so. The structural conditions have affected the role in various ways. While the basic tasks of editors-in-chief remain rooted in editorial work, downsizing and market demands have simultaneously undermined the autonomy and power of editors-in-chief, especially in relation to central media group management.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- D'Angelo, N., et al.
(författare)
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Local Inhomogeneous Weighted Summary Statistics for Marked Point Processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. - 1061-8600 .- 1537-2715.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a family of local inhomogeneous mark-weighted summary statistics, of order two and higher, for general marked point processes. Depending on how the involved weight function is specified, these summary statistics capture different kinds of local dependence structures. We first derive some basic properties and show how these new statistical tools can be used to construct most existing summary statistics for (marked) point processes. We then propose a local test of random labeling. This procedure allows us to identify points, and consequently regions, where the random labeling assumption does not hold, for example, when the (functional) marks are spatially dependent. Through a simulation study we show that the test is able to detect local deviations from random labeling. We also provide an application to an earthquake point pattern with functional marks given by seismic waveforms.
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| 10. |
- Cronie, Ottmar, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-temporal càdlàg functional marked point processes : Unifying spatio-temporal frameworks
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper defines the class of càdlàg functional marked point processes (CFMPPs). These are (spatio-temporal) point processes marked by random elements which take values in a càdlàg function space, i.e. the marks are given by càdlàg stochastic processes. We generalise notions of marked (spatio-temporal) point processes and indicate how this class, in a sensible way, connects the point process framework with the random fields framework. We also show how they can be used to construct a class of spatio-temporal Boolean models, how to construct different classes of these models by choosing specific mark functions, and how càdlàg functional marked Cox processes have a double connection to random fields. We also discuss finite CFMPPs, purely temporally well-defined CFMPPs and Markov CFMPPs. Furthermore, we define characteristics such as product densities, Palm distributions and conditional intensities, in order to develop statistical inference tools such as likelihood estimation schemes.
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