| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Holmila, Reetta, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in TP53 tumor suppressor gene in wood dust-related sinonasal cancer
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 127:3, s. 578-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causal role of work-related exposure to wood dust in the development of sinonasal cancer has long been established by numerous epidemiologic studies. To study molecular changes in these tumors, we analyzed TP53 gene mutations in 358 sinonasal cancer cases with or without occupational exposure to wood dust, using capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. A significant association between wood-dust exposure and adenocarcinoma histology was observed [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 12.6, 95% confidence interval (Cl), 5.0-31.6]. TP53 mutations occurred in all histologies, with an overall frequency of 77%. TP53 mutation positive status was most common in adenocarcinoma (OR 2.0, 95% Cl, 1.1-3.7; compared with squamous cell carcinoma), and mutation positivity showed an overall, nonsignificant association with wood-dust exposure (OR 1.6, 95% Cl, 0.8-3.1). Risk of TP53 mutation was significantly increased in association with duration (>= 24 years, OR 5.1, 95% Cl, 1.5-17.1), average level (>2 mg/m(3); OR 3.6, 95% Cl, 1.2-10.8) and cumulative level (>= 30 mg/m(3) x years; OR 3.5, 95% Cl, 1.2-10.7) of wood-dust exposure; adjustment for formaldehyde affected the ORs only slightly. Smoking did not influence the occurrence of TP53 mutation; however, it was associated with multiple mutations (p = 0.03). As far as we are aware, this is the first study to demonstrate a high prevalence of TP53 mutation-positive cases in a large collection of sinonasal cancers with data on occupational exposure. Our results indicate that mutational mechanisms, in particular TP53 mutations, are associated with work-related exposure to wood dust in sinonasal cancer.
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| 5. |
- Scannell, Cian M., et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of free-breathing quantitative myocardial perfusion using multi-echo Dixon magnetic resonance imaging
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative first-pass perfusion using magnetic resonance imaging enables non-invasive objective assessment of myocardial ischemia without ionizing radiation. However, quantification of perfusion is challenging due to the non-linearity between the magnetic resonance signal intensity and contrast agent concentration. Furthermore, respiratory motion during data acquisition precludes quantification of perfusion. While motion correction techniques have been proposed, they have been hampered by the challenge of accounting for dramatic contrast changes during the bolus and long execution times. In this work we investigate the use of a novel free-breathing multi-echo Dixon technique for quantitative myocardial perfusion. The Dixon fat images, unaffected by the dynamic contrast-enhancement, are used to efficiently estimate rigid-body respiratory motion and the computed transformations are applied to the corresponding diagnostic water images. This is followed by a second non-linear correction step using the Dixon water images to remove residual motion. The proposed Dixon motion correction technique was compared to the state-of-the-art technique (spatiotemporal based registration). We demonstrate that the proposed method performs comparably to the state-of-the-art but is significantly faster to execute. Furthermore, the proposed technique can be used to correct for the decay of signal due to T2* effects to improve quantification and additionally, yields fat-free diagnostic images.
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| 6. |
- Tourais, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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High-Resolution Free-Breathing Quantitative First-Pass Perfusion Cardiac MR Using Dual-Echo Dixon With Spatio-Temporal Acceleration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: To develop and test the feasibility of free-breathing (FB), high-resolution quantitative first-pass perfusion cardiac MR (FPP-CMR) using dual-echo Dixon (FOSTERS; Fat-water separation for mOtion-corrected Spatio-TEmporally accelerated myocardial peRfuSion).Materials and Methods: FOSTERS was performed in FB using a dual-saturation single-bolus acquisition with dual-echo Dixon and a dynamically variable Cartesian k-t undersampling (8-fold) approach, with low-rank and sparsity constrained reconstruction, to achieve high-resolution FPP-CMR images. FOSTERS also included automatic in-plane motion estimation and T∗22* correction to obtain quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) maps. High-resolution (1.6 x 1.6 mm2) FB FOSTERS was evaluated in eleven patients, during rest, against standard-resolution (2.6 x 2.6 mm2) 2-fold SENSE-accelerated breath-hold (BH) FPP-CMR. In addition, MBF was computed for FOSTERS and spatial wavelet-based compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction. Two cardiologists scored the image quality (IQ) of FOSTERS, CS, and standard BH FPP-CMR images using a 4-point scale (1–4, non-diagnostic – fully diagnostic).Results: FOSTERS produced high-quality images without dark-rim and with reduced motion-related artifacts, using an 8x accelerated FB acquisition. FOSTERS and standard BH FPP-CMR exhibited excellent IQ with an average score of 3.5 ± 0.6 and 3.4 ± 0.6 (no statistical difference, p > 0.05), respectively. CS images exhibited severe artifacts and high levels of noise, resulting in an average IQ score of 2.9 ± 0.5. MBF values obtained with FOSTERS presented a lower variance than those obtained with CS.Discussion: FOSTERS enabled high-resolution FB FPP-CMR with MBF quantification. Combining motion correction with a low-rank and sparsity-constrained reconstruction results in excellent image quality.
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| 7. |
- Zhou Hagström, Nanna, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz-rate Ultrafast X-ray Scattering and Holographic Imaging at the European XFEL
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence, and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, we present the results from the first megahertz repetition rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL. We illustrate the experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at MHz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative examples, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Nevertheless, our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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| 8. |
- Zhou Hagström, Nanna, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 1454-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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