| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Sundman, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term stress levels are synchronized in dogs and their owners
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reveals, for the first time, an interspecific synchronization in long-term stress levels. Previously, acute stress, has been shown to be highly contagious both among humans and between individuals of other species. Here, long-term stress synchronization in dogs and their owners was investigated. We studied 58 dog-human dyads and analyzed their hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) at two separate occasions, reflecting levels during previous summer and winter months. The personality traits of both dogs and their owners were determined through owner-completed Dog Personality Questionnaire (DPQ) and human Big Five Inventory (BFI) surveys. In addition, the dogs activity levels were continuously monitored with a remote cloud-based activity collar for one week. Shetland sheepdogs (N = 33) and border collies (N = 25), balanced for sex, participated, and both pet dogs and actively competing dogs (agility and obedience) were included to represent different lifestyles. The results showed significant interspecies correlations in long-term stress where human HCC from both summer and winter samplings correlated strongly with dog HCC (summer: N = 57, chi(2) = 23.697, P amp;lt; 0.001, beta = 0.235; winter: N = 55, chi(2) = 13.796, P amp;lt; 0.001, beta = 0.027). Interestingly, the dogs activity levels did not affect HCC, nor did the amount of training sessions per week, showing that the HCC levels were not related to general physical activity. Additionally, there was a seasonal effect in HCC. However, although dogs personalities had little effects on their HCC, the human personality traits neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness significantly affected dog HCC. Hence, we suggest that dogs, to a great extent, mirror the stress level of their owners.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aardal, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Cortisol in Saliva : Reference Ranges and Relation to Cortisol in Serum
- 1995
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-4974. ; 33, s. 927-932
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to establish morning and evening reference ranges for cortisol in saliva. Another objective was to compare the concentrations of the mainly free cortisol in saliva to those of total cortisol in serum as determined with a commercial radioimmunoassay. The concentrations were determined in matched samples of saliva and serum collected at 8am and 10pm from 197 healthy volunteers. The saliva samples were stable for at least 7 days at room temperature and for 9 months at —20 °C. Reference ranges, the central 95%, were estimated to 3.5—27.0 nmol/1 at 8 am and < 6.0 nmol/1 at 10 pm. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was below 5% and total CV below 10%. The relation between the cortisol concentrations in serum and saliva was nonlinear with r = 0.86 for serum concentrations < 450 nmol/1 and r = 0.44 for serum concentrations ^ 450 nmol/1. In conclusion, the satisfactory precision of the analysis and the simple non-invasive sampling procedure suggest that saliva may be used for cortisol measurements in situations where blood sampling is difficult to perform.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Salivary cortisol : an alternative to serum cortisol determinations in dynamic function tests
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 36:4, s. 215-222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salivary cortisol was measured as an alternative to serum cortisol as a marker for adrenocortical function following insulin tolerance test, corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation and adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation. During insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation adreno-corticotrophic hormone was also measured. The tests were performed on healthy control subjects as well as on patients under investigation for various disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (insulin tolerance test: 3 controls on two occasions and 14 patients; corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation: 4 controls and 18 patients; adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation: 6 controls and 10 patients). Five patients underwent both insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation. Using criteria for adequate cortisol response in serum, the patients were classified as good or poor responders. In 42 of the 45 tests performed the same conclusion as to cortisol status was drawn when based on serum and salivary cortisol responses. In healthy subjects and good responders the mean cortisol relative increase was greater in saliva than in serum in all three tests (p < 0.05). Characteristic of the results for the insulin tolerance test was a significant initial mean decrease (p < 0.05), not found in serum, and the highest observed salivary cortisol value was delayed for at least 30 minutes compared to that in serum. Plasma adreno-corticotrophic hormone correlated significantly with the cortisol concentrations determined 15 minutes later in serum (r = 0.54–0.64) and in saliva (r = 0.76–0.85). The more pronounced cortisol response in saliva than in serum and its closer correlation with adreno-corticotrophic hormone offer advantages over serum cortisol, suggesting salivary cortisol measurement may be used as an alternative parameter in dynamic endocrine tets.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 46:6, s. 850-855
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rescue service personnel are often exposed to traumatic events as part of their occupation, and higher prevalence rates of psychiatric illness have been found among this group.Methods: In 65 rescue workers, salivary cortisol at 8 am and 10 pm and serum prolactin at 8 am were related to the psychiatric self-rating scale General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) measuring psychiatric health, and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and Post Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS) measuring posttraumatic symptoms.Results: Seventeen percent of the study population scored above the GHQ-28 cut-off limit but none scored beyond the cut-off limit in the IES and PTSS questionnaires. Salivary cortisol concentration at 10 pm correlated with statistical significance to anxiety (p < .005) and depressive symptoms (p < .01) measured with GHQ-28, as well as to posttraumatic symptoms, with avoidance behavior measured with IES (p < .01) and PTSS (p < .005). Two of the rescue workers were followed over time with the same sampling procedure after a major rescue commission.Conclusions: The correlation between evening salivary cortisol and anxiety, depressiveness, and posttraumatic avoidance symptoms indicates that these parameters can be used in screening and follow-up after traumatic stress events.
|
|
| 6. |
- Henriksen, Rie, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of contact incubation on stress, behavior and body composition in the precocial Red jungle fowl
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Academic Press. - 0018-506X .- 1095-6867. ; 128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birds use contact incubation to warm their eggs above ambient temperature required for embryonic development. In contrast, birds in the industry as well as many birds in breeding programs and scientific studies are incubated in conventional incubators that warm eggs via circulating warm air. This means that contact incubated eggs have different thermal properties than eggs incubated in a conventional incubator. In light of previous studies showing that small differences in incubation temperature can affect chicks post-hatching phenotype, we investigated the consequences of incubating Red jungle fowl eggs at the same temperature (37 degrees C) either via contact incubation or warm air incubation. We found that contact incubated chicks had a more robust body composition, were more explorative and had a higher temperature preference early in life, as well as a sex dependent difference in plasma Corticosterone levels pre-hatch (measured in down-feathers) and post-hatch (measured in plasma) compared to chicks incubated in a conventional warm air incubator. While previous studies have demonstrated that embryonic development and post-hatch phenotype is sensitive to small variations in temperature, our study demonstrates for the first time that the way heat is distributed to the egg has a similar magnitude of effect on post-hatch phenotype and highlights the sensitivity of the incubation period in shaping birds post-hatch phenotype.
|
|
| 7. |
- Holm, Ann-Charlotte
(författare)
-
Membrane transport of triiodothyronine : With particular reference to erythrocytes in health and disease
- 1992
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cellular T3 uptake was studied in three human cell systems, i.e. cultured lymphocytes, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane vesicles.The basic experimental procedure included 1) incubation of cells or membranes with T3 tracer and increasing concentrations of unlabelled T3, 2) separation of unbound hormone from hormone bound to cells or membranes, 3) counting of radioactivity, and 4) calculation of saturable uptake and uptake constants. Variations on this basic experimental theme included a) addition of ATP or metabolic inhibitors, b) competition by T4 analogues, c) changes of vesicular volume and permeability, and d) changes of membrane temperature. Finally, the T3 concentration in the erythrocytes was measured.The uptake of T3 proved to be carrier-mediated. In lymphocytes it seemed to be energy dependent, but not in erythrocytes, although erythrocyte membrane vesicles had the potential to respond with accelerated uptake to increased energy supply from ATP. The mean Vmax was increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism (both p<0.01), and one patient with thyroid hormone resistance had a V max value similar to those of hyperthyroid patients. In patients with low serum free T3 from non-thyroidal causes V max was not altered. The mean Km for T3 uptake in erythrocytes was similar in controls and the patient groups examined.Binding of T3 to the membrane sites occurred only in membranes exposed to 25 °C and subsequently to 0 °C. The mean Bmax thus measured was reduced in hypothyroidism (p<0.05).The mean erythrocyte T3 concentration was 220 pM in healthy subjects, !50 pM in pregnancy, approximately 190 pM in non-thyroidal illnesses and 60 pM in hypothyroidism (all p<0.01).The results show that I) human erythrocytes and lymphocytes take up T3 by carrier-mediated transport, 2) the rate of T3 uptake changes in thyroid diesease but not in pregnancy or nonthyroidal illness, and 3) the erythrocyte T3 concentration is reduced in pregnancy and nonthyroidalillness, as in hypothyroidism.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ljung, Thomas, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment of abdominally obese men with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a pilot study.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 250:3, s. 219-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system perturbations found in abdominal obesity. DESIGN: Treatment for 6 months with citalopram and for 6 months with placebo using a double-blind, cross-over design, with a 2-month wash-out period between treatment periods. SUBJECTS: Sixteen healthy men, 45-60 years, moderately obese and with an abdominal fat distribution. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, three different depression rating scales, serum lipids, testosterone, IGF-I, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pituitary stimulation with corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), arithmetic stress test, and excretion of cortisol and metoxycatecholamines in urine, collected during 24 h. RESULTS: Cortisol concentrations in the morning were low before treatment, indicating a perturbed function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. After treatment with citalopram morning cortisol concentrations rose to normal. Cortisol concentrations after stimulation with CRH or stress were elevated by citalopram treatment, but urinary cortisol excretion was unchanged. The glucose concentrations after OGTT (120 min) tended to be reduced, with unchanged insulin concentrations, whilst other metabolic values did not change during treatment. Heart rate after administration of CRH, and during laboratory stress test, decreased by treatment with citalopram. Diurnal urinary excretion of metoxycatecholamines tended to decrease. Neither body mass index nor waist/hip circumference ratio decreased. Depression scores were within normal limits before treatment and did not change. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate improvements in the regulation of neuroendocrine-autonomic systems as well as metabolism in abdominal obesity during treatment with an SSRI.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sauveroche, Mathilde, et al.
(författare)
-
Hair cortisol in horses (Equus caballus) in relation to management regimes, personality and breed
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 1558-7878. ; 37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hair cortisol is a promising biomarker to measure long-term stress since cortisol is incorporated into the hair shaft as it grows. However, few studies have previously assessed hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in horses. In this study, HCC was evaluated in both mane hair from the neck and body hair from the withers in 153 horses of different breeds, from seven different stables with three different management regimes (Free-roaming horses, Riding school horses, Trotter horses). In addition, 4 hours of behavioral observations were performed at each stable, and for 43 of the horses, a personality survey was completed. Mane and withers HCC correlated moderately, but significantly (rs=0.48, p<0.001). Differences between the stables were found for both mane and withers hair (both p<0.01) and the stable with lowest HCC also showed highest occurrences of positive social and resting behaviors (both p<0.01). There were no significant differences in HCC between the management regimes even though Free-roaming horses showed less negative social behavior compared to Riding school horses (p=0.041) and Trotter horses (p=0.055). The personality traits Dominance, Anxiousness, and Excitability revealed weak to moderate correlations with mane HCC (rs=-0.34, p=0.027; rs=-0.46, p=0.002; rs=-0.31, p=0.043 respectively) which might suggest that personality could also be related to long-term stress levels in horses.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
