| 1. |
- Frisén, Lars, 1939
(författare)
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Photography of the retinal nerve fibre layer: an optimised procedure.
- 1980
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Ingår i: The British journal of ophthalmology. - 0007-1161. ; 64:9, s. 641-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal and abnormal fundi were photographed at various magnifications in one and the same fundus camera, with and without 'red-free' filters and various types of black-and-white and colour films. Colour diapositive films were copied on various black-and-white negative films, with and without filters. The final negatives were evaluated under magnification with regard to resolution and contrast of detail in the nerve fibre layer. Complementary information was obtained by means of conventional resolution measurements at high and low contrast levels. The best overall results were obtained by copying colour slides obtained in unfiltered light on a new high-contrast black-and-white film (Kodak Technical Pan), with a Wratten No. 65 A filter. This simple technique produced negatives with a good definition of the nerve fibre layer, suitable as final records.
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| 2. |
- Frisén, Lars, 1939
(författare)
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The neurology of visual acuity.
- 1980
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Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - 0006-8950. ; 103:3, s. 639-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of patients with well defined lesions of various parts of the visual pathways was studied in an attempt to iluminate the neuropathophysiology of visual acuity. Acuity was found to remain normal in all cases with unilateral retrochiasmal lesions, including those of the optic tract. Bilateral retrochiasmal lesions involving the foveal nerve fibres on both sides impaired acuity to the same degree in both eyes. Lateral chiasmal lesions regularly produced impaired acuity in the ipsilateral eye. Midchiasmal lesions commonly led to an impairment of visual acuity in both eyes, usually asymmetrically, and roughly proportionate to the severity of the visual field defect. Compression optic neuropathy was found to reduce acuity in rough proportion to the severity of compression. It was concluded that acuity remains normal as long as either the crossing or the non-crossing neural outflow from the retinal fovea remains intact: acuity fails only when both sets of nerve fibres are compromised. A properly executed acuity test seems to be a powerful tool for detecting such conditions. The lower limit of normal acuity should never be set below 1.0 or 20/20: even this level is clearly subnormal in many subjects.
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| 3. |
- Mercke, C, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different radiation fractionation schedules on metastases from an oesophageal carcinoma
- 1980
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica: Oncology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0349-652X. ; 19:2, s. 99-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcutaneous metastases from an oesophageal carcinoma were irradiated using different schedules. The results have to be evaluated with greatest caution but indicate that with the same CRE value, few fractions caused less skin reactions than several, and the size of the shoulder of the cell survival curve was of the order of 0.7 Gy.
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| 4. |
- Abdul-Rahman, A, et al.
(författare)
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Local cerebral blood flow in the rat during severe hypoglycemia, and in the recovery period following glucose injection
- 1980
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 109:3, s. 307-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to assess the influence of severe hypoglycemia on local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) artificially ventilated rats, maintained on 70% N2O, were injected with insulin to provide either an EEG pattern of slow-wave polyspikes, or cessation of spontaneous EEG activity for 5, 15 or 30 min ("coma"). In other animals, glucose was injected at the end of a 30 min period of "coma" and 1-CBF was measured after recovery periods of 5, 30, 90, or 180 min. Local CBF was measured autoradiographically with 14C-iodoantipyrine as the diffusible tracer. In the slow-wave polyspike period 1-CBF was increased in most of the structures studied, and reached values that were 1.4 to 3.2 times greater than control. In many structures, cessation of EEG activity was accompanied by a further increase in 1-CBF, with some structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, pontine gray, and cerebellar cortex) showing flow rates of 400--500% of control. The increase in 1-CBF was unrelated to arterial hypertension, hypercapnia, or hypoxia. 5 min after glucose injection the hyperemia persisted in only some of the structures studied; in others, the 1-CBF were close to, or below, control values. During the subsequent recovery period 1-CBF was markedly reduced with some structures (cerebral cortical areas, hippocampus, and caudate-putamen) showing flow rates of only 20--35% of control. In others, notably pontine gray and cerebellar cortex, secondary hypoperfusion was never observed. The hypoperfusion was unrelated to arterial hypertension, hypocapnia, or increase in intracranial pressure. It is concluded that, like hypoxia and ischemia, substrate deficiency due to hypoglycemia is accompanied by vasodilatation in the brain. Furthermore, like long-lasting ischemia, severe hypoglycemia is followed by a delayed hypoperfusion syndrome that, by restricting oxygen supply, may well contribute to the final cell damage incurred.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jönsson, P. ‐E, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of malignant melanoma with dacarbazin (DTIC‐DOME) with special reference to urinary excretion of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa
- 1980
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Ingår i: Cancer. - 0008-543X. ; 45:2, s. 245-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seventeen patients were given DTIC, 200 mg/m2/day in five‐day courses every four to six weeks. In four patients (stage II) treated on an adjuvant basis, tumor recurrence has been verified in three. Four of the palliatively treated patients were also given DTIC by regional intra‐arterial infusion with minimal positive tumor effect and minimal toxicity. 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa excretion in urine was checked continuously in all patients. Tumor recurrence was revealed in two patients given DTIC on an adjuvant basis three and four months before clinical signs of tumor. In the palliatively treated patients, 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa excretion increased in 5/6 patients judged to have stable disease, before tumor progression was clinically detectable. The use of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa examination is a valuable adjunct to the follow‐up of the effect of DTIC therapy in melanoma patients.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bini, G, et al.
(författare)
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Regional similarities and differences in thermoregulatory vaso- and sudomotor tone.
- 1980
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 306, s. 553-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Skin nerve sympathetic activity was recorded simultaneously from the following pairs of nerves: left and right median, median and peroneal, left and right peroneal, posterior cutaneous antebrachial and superficial radial, posterior cutaneous antebrachial and median. The recordings were performed on healthy subjects exposed to different ambient temperatures. Electrodermal responses and pulse plethysmograms were recorded from the neural innervation zones. 2. Vasoconstriction impulse bursts recorded simultaneously from the median and peroneal nerves during exposure to a cold environment showed a striking similarity with respect to the timing and strength of individual bursts. A similar strong correlation was observed also among sudomotor bursts recorded simultaneously from the posterior cutaneous antebrachial and superficial radial nerve during exposure to a warm environment. 3. On some occasions, such as during exposure to a moderately warm environment or emotional stress, a temporal correlation was also observed between vasoconstrictor bursts recorded from the median and sudomotor bursts recorded simultaneously from the posterior cutaneous antebrachial nerve. 4. The double nerve recordings provided evidence that in the distal glabrous skin areas reflex thermoregulatory functions are mainly executed via vasoconstrictor fibres whereas sudomotor fibres are brought into action only at relatively high temperature. On the contrary, in the hairy skin on the dorsal side of forearm and hand reflex thermoregulation is to a large extent executed via sudomotor fibres.
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| 10. |
- Bini, G, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoregulatory and rhythm-generating mechanisms governing the sudomotor and vasoconstrictor outflow in human cutaneous nerves.
- 1980
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 306, s. 537-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Recordings of multiunit sympathetic activity were made from human nerve fascicles supplying hairy and glabrous skin of the extremities in healthy subjects exposed to different ambient temperatures. Sudomotor and vasomotor events accompanying the neural activity were monitored by simultaneous recordings of electrodermal and pulse plethysmographic events (Pleth) in the neural innervation zones. 2. By exposing the subject to warm (43 degrees C) or cold (15 degrees C) environments, it was possible to obtain a selective activation of either the sudomotor or the vasoconstrictor neural system, respectively, with suppression of spontaneous activity in the other system. 3. Bursts of both vasoconstrictor and sudomotor nerve activity were found to occur at certain preferred intervals which were integer multiples of a period of about 0 . 6 sec (100 cycles/min). With high sudomotor or vasoconstrictor tone the 100 cycles/min rhythm was prominent but with decreasing tone slower subharmonic rhythms prevailed. Respiratory rhythms were also discerned as well as slower rhythms attributable to oscillatory tendencies in thermoregulatory servos. 4. Vasoconstrictor bursts had longer mean duration than sudomotor bursts, a finding attributed to a slower conduction velocity of vasoconstrictor as compared to sudomotor impulses. 5. With increasing incidence of bursts transient electrodermal or plethysmographic responses following individual bursts merged, and thus the fast neural rhythms were not discernible in either the electrodermal or Pleth traces. Given increments in firing rate of nerves produced less additional vasoconstriction at high than at low firing rates. The rhythm generating mechanisms may help to restrict rates of individual fibres to the low range which provides high gain in the neuroeffector transfer functions.
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